A5075437101- Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies
- Species Distribution and Climate Change
- Wildlife Ecology and Conservation
- Avian ecology and behavior
- Plant and animal studies
- Genetic diversity and population structure
- Land Use and Ecosystem Services
- Animal Ecology and Behavior Studies
- Animal Behavior and Reproduction
- Fire effects on ecosystems
- Genetic and phenotypic traits in livestock
- Electromagnetic Fields and Biological Effects
- Animal Vocal Communication and Behavior
- Forest Ecology and Biodiversity Studies
- Botany and Plant Ecology Studies
- Microbial infections and disease research
- Climate variability and models
- Forest ecology and management
- Urban Green Space and Health
- Remote Sensing in Agriculture
- Spaceflight effects on biology
- Marine animal studies overview
- Chromosomal and Genetic Variations
- Animal Disease Management and Epidemiology
- Legionella and Acanthamoeba research
Charles University
2016-2025
Palacký University Olomouc
2016-2025
Czech Academy of Sciences
2022
Uppsala University
2022
Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Biology
2022
Institut de Biologia Evolutiva
2022
Metropolitan University
2022
Czech Society for Ornithology
2021-2022
University of New York in Prague
2018
University of Surrey
2016
Declines in European bird populations are reported for decades but the direct effect of major anthropogenic pressures on such declines remains unquantified. Causal relationships between and population responses difficult to identify as interact at different spatial scales vary among species. Here, we uncover time-series 170 common species, monitored more than 20,000 sites 28 countries, over 37 y, four widespread pressures: agricultural intensification, change forest cover, urbanisation...
Birds populations allied in abundance Changes climate can cause of species to decline, increase, or remain steady. Stephens et al. looked across common birds Europe and the United States. Despite many differences between two regions, expectations about how a might respond change did predict actual responses. Species predicted benefit from increasing temperatures, their associated effects, tended whereas those be negatively affected declined. Thus, even widely varying ecological conditions...
We explore population trends of widespread and common woodland birds using data from an extensive European network ornithologists for the period 1980–2003. show considerable differences exist in species according to broad habitat they occupy degree which specialize use. On average, forest are shallow decline at a scale; declined by 13%, specialists 18%, 1980 2003. In comparison, populations farmland have moderately, falling on average 28% These patterns contrast with that shown generalist...
A workshop titled "Using Sentinel Species Data to Address the Potential Human Health Effects of Chemicals in Environment," sponsored by U.S. Army Center for Environmental Research, National Assessment EPA, and Agency Toxic Substances Disease Registry, was held consider use sentinel surrogate animal species data evaluating potential human health effects chemicals environment. The took a broad view concept, included mammalian nonmammalian species, companion animals, food fish, amphibians,...
Biotic homogenization (BH) is a process whereby some species (losers) are systematically replaced by others (winners). While this has been related to the effects of anthropogenic activities, whether and how BH occurring across regions role native as driver hardly investigated. Here, we examine trend in community specialization index (CSI) for 234 breeding birds at 10,111 sites six European countries from 1990 2008. Unlike many studies, CSI uses abundance information estimate balance between...
Abstract Maximizing the area under biodiversity‐related conservation measures is a main target of European Union (EU) Biodiversity Strategy to 2020. We analyzed whether agrienvironmental schemes (AES) within EU common agricultural policy, special protected areas for birds (SPAs), and Annex I designation Birds Directive had an effect on bird population changes using monitoring data from 39 farmland species 1981 2012 at scale. Populations resident short‐distance migrants were larger with...
Abstract Eastern European countries are considered a stronghold for the continent's farmland biodiversity. The abundance of birds is one important element this At end 20th century, member states Union (EU) experienced serious population declines due to agricultural intensification, which was not observed in nonmember states. In 2004, 10 mostly acceded EU. It thus ask whether historical step resulted changes production and, turn, bird populations. Here we used annual crop yields and...
Abstract Around fifteen thousand fieldworkers annually count breeding birds using standardized protocols in 28 European countries. The observations are collected by country-specific and protocols, validated, summarized finally used for the production of continent-wide annual long-term indices population size changes 170 species. Here, we present database provide a detailed summary methodology fieldwork calculation relative change estimates. We also brief overview how data research,...
Centromeres are an important part of chromosomes which direct chromosome segregation during cell division. Their modifications can therefore explain the unusual mitotic and meiotic behaviour certain chromosomes, such as germline-restricted (GRC) songbirds. This is eliminated from somatic cells early embryogenesis later also male germ spermatogenesis. Although mechanism elimination not yet known, it possible that involves a modification centromeric sequence on GRC, resulting in problems with...
Several lines of evidence suggest that the X chromosome plays a large role in intrinsic postzygotic isolation. The Z speciation is much less understood. To explore reproductive isolation, we studied nucleotide variation two closely related bird species, Thrush Nightingale (Luscinia luscinia) and Common (L. megarhynchos). These species are isolated by incomplete prezygotic isolation female hybrid sterility. We sequenced introns four Z-linked eight autosomal loci analyzed patterns polymorphism...
The relationship between agricultural intensification and a decline in farmland bird populations is well documented Europe, but the results are mostly based on data from western part of continent. In former socialist eastern central European countries, political changes around 1990 resulted steep intensity agriculture. Therefore, one would expect birds to have recovered under these conditions lower intensity. We explored population trends 19 species Czech Republic 1982 2003 using large‐scale...
Ecological specialization provides information about adaptations of species to their environment. However, identification traits representing the relevant dimensions ecological space remains challenging. Here we endeavoured explain how complex habitat specializations relate various European birds. We employed phylogenetic generalized least squares and theoretic approach statistically controlling for differences in geographic range size among species. Habitat specialists had narrower diet...
Species attributes are commonly used to infer impacts of environmental change on multiyear species trends, e.g. decadal changes in population size. However, by themselves limited value global attribution since they do not measure the changing environment. A broader foundation for attributing responses may be achieved complementing an attributes-based approach one estimating relationship between repeated measures organismal and over short time scales. To assess benefit this multiscale...
Abstract Natural sounds, and bird song in particular, play a key role building maintaining our connection with nature, but widespread declines populations mean that the acoustic properties of natural soundscapes may be changing. Using data-driven reconstructions lieu historical recordings, here we quantify changes soundscape characteristics at more than 200,000 sites across North America Europe. We integrate citizen science monitoring data recordings individual species to reveal pervasive...
Abstract Aim Despite the complexity of population dynamics, most studies concerning current changes in bird populations reduce trajectory change to a linear trend. This may hide more complex patterns reflecting responses changing anthropogenic pressures. Here, we address this by means multivariate analysis and attribute different components dynamics potential drivers. Location Czech Republic. Methods We used data on trajectories (1982–2019) 111 common breeding species, decomposed them into...
Abstract Urbanization affects avian community composition in European cities, increasing biotic homogenization. Anthropic pollution (such as light at night and noise) is among the most important drivers shaping bird use urban areas, where species are mainly attracted by greenery. In this study, we collected data on 127 breeding 1349 point counts distributed along a gradient of urbanization fourteen different cities. The main aim was to explore effects anthropic city characteristics,...
The population dynamics of urban animals has been so far remarkably understudied. At the same time, species' trends can provide important information on consequences environmental changes in cities. We modelled long-term 93 bird species breeding areas 16 European countries as a function traits, characterising variability their urbanization and ecology. found that: (i) earlier colonisers have more negative than recent colonisers; (ii) urbanized open habitat had positive less species; (iii)...
A case-control study of nasal cancer in pet dogs was conducted to test the hypothesis that exposure environmental tobacco smoke increases risk. Cases (n = 103) were selected from a teaching hospital during 1986–1990. Controls 378) with other forms same base. Exposure evaluated by determining number smokers household, packs cigarettes smoked per day at home each smoker, years person dog's lifetime, and proportion time spent indoors dog. The crude odds ratio for 1.1 (95% confidence interval...
We evaluated the risks of brain cancer in relation to employment history a case-control study 312 cases and 1,248 controls. Subjects were identified through Missouri Cancer Registry for period 1984 1988. Job classification was based on data routinely abstracted from hospital records. Elevated certain white collar occupations: men employed engineering, odds ratio (OR) = 2.1; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.4, 10.3; social science professionals, OR 6.1; CI 1.5, 26.1. Among occupations with...