A carbon-doped silicon oxide (CDO) finds use as a material with low dielectric constant (<italic>k</italic>) for copper interconnects in multilayered integrated circuits (ICs).

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTetraether bolaform amphiphiles as models of archaebacterial membrane lipids: Raman spectroscopy, phosphorus-31 NMR, x-ray scattering, and electron microscopyDavid H. Thompson, Kim F. Wong, Robin Humphry-Baker, Jeffery J. Wheeler, Jong Mok Kim, Shankar B. RananavareCite this: Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 23, 9035–9042Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November...

Thick film resistive Cl(2) sensors were fabricated using SnO(2) doped with Sb. The nanocrystalline powders of Sb-doped synthesized by a sol-gel method compressed into an 800 µm thick pellet. tested against gases like Cl(2), Br(2), HCl, NO, NO(2), CHCl(3), NH(3) and H(2). highest response to was achieved in 0.1% Sb doping where exposure 3 ppm gas led 500-fold increase device resistance. high sensitivity is accompanied minor interference due other at room temperature. It found that the...

Heisenberg spin exchange (HE) studies of translational diffusion the nitroxide radicals PD-tempone and P probe in two liquid crystalline solvents 6OCB–8OCB 4O,6 are described. It is shown that while undergoes strong solvents, more anisotropic P-probe exhibits a tendency toward weak which becomes prominent low temperature mesophases. The molecular rates measured from our HE compared with over larger distances using electron-spin resonance (ESR) imaging methods; we find that, similar...

Electron spin–echo (ESE) and two-dimensional electron–electron double resonance (2D ELDOR) experiments have been performed as a function of director orientation temperature in the smectic A phase liquid crystal S2 for spin–probe PD-tempone(2×10−3 M). Over entire range studied (288–323 K) we observe significant 2D ELDOR cross peaks only ΔMI =±1 indicative 14N spin–relaxation negligible Heisenberg exchange. From angular dependent rates obtain dipolar spectral densities at hyperfine (hf)...

Novel liquid crystals based on fluorinated carbon chains and terminated with SF5 groups are presented for the first time. Attachment of an group separated from a benzylidine by spacer leads to monotropic nematic smectic phases, while enantiotropic phase is observed in mixtures. The sequence these new compounds comparable hydrocarbon analogues nO.m (n-alkoxy-m-alkylbenzylidine) series. Despite long alkoxy chain, → A transition closer second order, ≈ 0.995 values that even higher than nCB...

The phase behavior of 1,1'-di-O-eicosamethylene-2,2'-di-O-decylbis(glycero-3-phosphocholine) (1) and 1,1'-di-O-hexadecamethylene-2,2'-di-O-octylbis(glycero-3-phosphocholine) (2) was studied at the air−water interface in aqueous dispersions using monolayer film balance, small-angle X-ray scattering, Raman spectroscopy, cryo-TEM techniques. limiting molecular areas (20 °C, pH 6.8) were observed to be 172 Å2 for 2 105 1, indicating a U-shaped configuration long polymethylene chains interface....

Prior studies have shown that the biological mixture of two hydrophobic surfactant proteins, SP-B and SP-C, produces faster adsorption lipids to an air/water interface, they induce 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl phosphatidylethanolamine (POPE) form inverse bicontinuous cubic phases. Previous has a much greater effect than SP-C on adsorption. If proteins formation structures by similar mechanisms, then should also different abilities To test this hypothesis, we measured small-angle X-ray scattering...

This paper examines electrical transport properties and Li doping in SnO(2) synthesized by the sol-gel method. Solid-state (7)Li-NMR lineshapes reveal that ions occupy two distinct sites with differing dynamic mobilities. The chemical exchange rate between is, however, too slow for detection on NMR timescale. Compressed nanoparticulate films of this doped semiconductor exhibit a positive Seebeck coefficient implying p-type conductivity. A variable-temperature direct current conductivity,...

Adsorption of pulmonary surfactant to an air−water interface lowers surface tension (γ) at rates that initially decrease progressively, but which then accelerate close the equilibrium γ. The studies here tested a series hypotheses concerning mechanisms might cause late accelerated drop in Experiments used captive bubbles and Wilhelmy plate measure γ during adsorption vesicles containing constituents from extracted calf surfactant. faster fall reflects rather than any feature equation state...

193 nm light as an excitation source for resist patterning is limited due to the inability achieve pitch division much below limits of λ/2. Current techniques are examining use a variety photochemical manipulations means extend lithographic small, more defined images. Double patterning, or dual tone lithography, has recently garnered considerable interest potential two features within one exposure. In this contribution, single component carbamate photoacid/photobase (PAG/PBG) generators...

Abstract We report the synthesis, characterization and structural studies of higher homologues N(4-n-pentyloxybenzylidene)4-n-alkylaniline compounds, viz. 5O.12, 5O.14 5O.16 by thermal microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry X-ray diffraction. The compounds exhibit N–SA–SB, N–SA–SB N–SA phase sequence variants, respectively. results reveal existence an interdigitated smectic A in B 5O.14. Results are discussed light available data on nO.m series

Abstract It is shown that the McMillan parameter M = T SAN/T N1 (where SAN and NI are respectively temperatures of smectic A to nematic (SAN) isotropic (NI) phase transitions) useful in analysing crossover between second first order behaviour SNN transition nO.m homologous liquid crystal series (the 4-n-alkoxybenzylidene-4′-n-alkylanilines). Using a diagram orientational ordering versus for this series, as obtained work (from E.S.R. D.S.C), symmetric tricritical point with mean field...

A schematic diagram showing Cu/Ni NW based interconnects fabricated in a hybrid approach employing top-down and bottom-up methods.

The corrosion behavior of electrochemically deposited copper thin films in deaerated and non-deaerated commercial cleaning solutions containing HF was investigated. Potentiodynamic polarization experiments were carried out to determine active, active–passive, passive, transpassive regions. Corrosion rates calculated from Tafel slopes. addition hydrogen peroxide the solution its influence on also investigated by employing inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS) X-ray...