A5050978102- Social and Intergroup Psychology
- Gender Roles and Identity Studies
- Gender Diversity and Inequality
- Evolutionary Psychology and Human Behavior
- Personality Traits and Psychology
- Cultural Differences and Values
- Gender Politics and Representation
- Work-Family Balance Challenges
- Psychology of Moral and Emotional Judgment
- Personality Disorders and Psychopathology
- LGBTQ Health, Identity, and Policy
- Employment and Welfare Studies
- Gender, Feminism, and Media
- Death Anxiety and Social Exclusion
- Emotions and Moral Behavior
- Gender, Labor, and Family Dynamics
- Behavioral Health and Interventions
- Attachment and Relationship Dynamics
- Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
- Sexuality, Behavior, and Technology
- Youth Education and Societal Dynamics
- Sexual Assault and Victimization Studies
- Racial and Ethnic Identity Research
- Job Satisfaction and Organizational Behavior
- Social Power and Status Dynamics
University of South Florida
2016-2025
The University of Texas at Austin
1994-2006
University of Oklahoma
2002-2005
Vassar College
2000
Recent interest in the implicit self-esteem construct has led to creation and use of several new assessment tools whose psychometric properties have not been fully explored. In this article, authors investigated reliability validity seven measures. The different measures did correlate with each other, they correlated only weakly explicit self-esteem. Only some demonstrated good test-retest reliabilities, overall, were limited their ability predict our criterion variables. Finally, there was...
The authors report 5 studies that demonstrate manhood, in contrast to womanhood, is seen as a precarious state requiring continual social proof and validation. Because of this precariousness, they argue men feel especially threatened by challenges their masculinity. Certain male-typed behaviors, such physical aggression, may result from anxiety. Studies 1-3 document robust belief (a) the nature manhood relative womanhood (b) idea defined more than biological markers. Study 4 demonstrates...
The results of three experiments demonstrate that physically aggressive displays are part men's cultural script for restoring threatened gender status. In Studies 1 and 2, challenges to status elicited heightened displays, including punching a pad with greater force selecting an boxing activity over nonaggressive puzzle activity. Study 3 established public display readiness reduced anxiety-related cognitions in the wake threat. This suggests may function downregulate negative affect when...
Abstract The links among narcissism, explicit (deliberate, controllable) self‐esteem, and implicit (automatic, uncontrollable) self‐esteem are unclear despite numerous attempts to illuminate these links. Some investigations suggest that narcissism reflects high masks low but other fail replicate this pattern. Here, we place the ‘mask’ model of in historical context review existing empirical evidence for model. We then discuss three possible issues might shed light on inconsistent findings...
Unlike womanhood, manhood is widely viewed as a status that elusive (it must be earned) and tenuous demonstrated repeatedly through actions). This focus on the structure—rather than content—of gender roles can shed new light men’s use of action physical aggression. Here, we review theory research connecting manhood, action, We interpret aggression aggressive displays behaviors effectively demonstrate thus quell concerns about their status. Moreover, suggest situational cultural factors...
Two studies explored gender‐relevant expectations and consequences of seeking flexible work arrangements. Study 1 examined preferences students nearing the job market. While men women valued flexibility work–life balance equally, reported greater intentions to seek in their careers. Intentions were predicted by projected perceptions on traits. In 2, participants evaluated hypothetical targets who sought a arrangement after birth child. Flexibility seekers given lower evaluations than with...
We retested core ambivalent sexism theory tenets and explored novel correlations with national outcomes in 62 nations. Replicating Glick et al., cross-national analyses supported (a) hostile (HS) benevolent (BS) as cross-culturally recognizable, complementary ideologies associated gender inequality; (b) women appearing to be influenced by, but also resisting men’s HS embracing BS counter (outscoring men some highly sexist nations). Novel comparisons showed both genders’ correlated fewer paid...
Consistent with recent research on initials-preferences, we assumed that people's preferences for their initials reflect an implicit form of self-esteem buffers them against challenges to self-worth. Accordingly, proposed high persons who demonstrated weak initials-preferences would be particularly likely engage in compensatory self-enhancement activities. Results two studies revealed converging support this prediction: Among people explicit self-esteem, those weaker displayed more...
Narcissism is a personality trait associated with an inflated, grandiose self-concept and lack of intimacy in interpersonal relationships. A popular assumption that narcissists’ positive explicit (conscious) self-views mask implicit (nonconscious) self-loathing. This belief typically traced to psychodynamic theory, especially Kohut (1966; Morrison, 1983). Empirically, this view predicts narcissists will reveal negative when these are measured unobtrusive instruments—such as the Implicit...
When nonstigmatized individuals enact certain role-violating behaviors, they risk becoming "falsely accused deviants" (H. S. Becker, 1963, p. 20). For instance, when heterosexual men perform stereotypically feminine are liable to get misclassified as homosexual. Findings presented here reveal that expectations of identity misclassification fuel individuals' negative reactions role violations (Studies 1-2) and using a disclaimer--that is, informing their audience identity--assuages people's...
Urban sociologist Ray Oldenburg defines a third place as of refuge other than the home or workplace where people can regularly visit and commune with friends, neighbors, coworkers, even strangers. Because little is known about place-based physical qualities places that support sociability attachment, this article examines how four urban design characteristics distinguish third-place businesses from on Main Street. The discusses study conducted at Streets in two cities one town Massachusetts....
In 5 studies (N = 756), we show that men's relative to women's gender ingroup identities are characterized by greater levels of dichotomization, a tendency distance masculine from feminine traits. We demonstrate further dichotomization is motivated, in part, need eschew femininity their identity bolster precarious status. Studies 1-3 establish and replicate the basic effect, rule out alternative explanations (positivity, projection, status striving) for dichotomize more than women. 4...
We examined associations of perceived ambivalent sexism with women’s outcomes in university Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) courses as a function their STEM identity. Women ( N = 592) who varied identification reported on personal experiences benevolent hostile indicated major intentions, self-efficacy, grade point average (GPA). more (i.e., protective paternalism complementary gender differentiation) than courses, identity moderated the between outcomes. Among...
Precarious manhood beliefs portray manhood, relative to womanhood, as a social status that is hard earn, easy lose, and proven via public action. Here, we present cross-cultural data on brief measure of precarious (the Manhood Beliefs scale [PMB]) covaries meaningfully with other cross-culturally validated gender ideologies country-level indices equality human development. Using from university samples in 62 countries across 13 world regions ( N = 33,417), demonstrate: (1) the psychometric...
The COVID-19 pandemic has extensively changed the state of psychological science from what research questions psychologists can ask to which methodologies use investigate them. In this article, we offer a perspective on how optimize new in pandemic’s wake. Because is inherently social phenomenon—an event that hinges human-to-human contact—we focus socially relevant subfields psychology. We highlight specific phenomena have likely shifted as result and discuss theoretical, methodological,...
The cultural moderation of gender stereotypes hypothesis argues that societies assign the most culturally valued traits to men, dominant group. Thus, in line with ideals, collectivistic should men more communality, whereas individualistic individualism. Using archival data, Cuddy et al. found evidence for descriptive stereotypes. We argue, however, be tested using prescriptive stereotypes, which directly reflect ideals about how and women be. also provide a robust test contemporary data from...
Abstract We propose that sharing a negative—as compared to positive—attitude about third party is particularly effective in promoting closeness between people. Findings from two survey studies and an experiment support this idea. In Studies 1 2, participants’ open‐ended responses revealed tendency recall with their closest friends more negative than positive attitudes other Study 3 established discovering shared attitude target person predicted liking for stranger strongly (but only when...
ABSTRACT Objective Etiological models of disordered eating are limited in their consideration racial/ethnic differences risk factors. Appearance comparisons consistent predictors outcomes, but research predominantly examines these associations among White women and overlooks the potential differential impact upward (comparing to someone perceived as better off) versus downward worse off). This study investigated race/ethnicity a moderator between appearance outcomes body satisfaction young...
Among the conjectured causes of recent U.S. financial crisis is hyper-masculine culture Wall Street that promotes extreme risk-taking. In two experiments, we found threats to their manhood motivated men take greater risks and favor immediate (vs. delayed) fiscal rewards. Experiment 1, placed larger bets during a gambling game after gender threat as compared in an affirmation condition. 2, threat, pursued payoff rather than waiting for interest accrue, but only if they believed decision was...
Honor endorsement might predict an intertwining of personal and national identities that facilitates taking country-level threats personally. If true, this could help explain why honor predicts support for defensive reactions to provocations. In a sample US college students (Study 1) adults 2), latent variable predicted (1) personalizing threats, (2) responses illegal immigration terrorism. The first these associations was mediated by respondents' identification with the nation, second...
We surveyed Americans regarding their beliefs about gender discrimination over the past several decades. Men and women agreed that faced much more than men in past, they gap between has narrowed recent years. However, perceived as narrower did at all time periods, reported there is little difference today amount of face. Political ideology moderated these such conservative were most likely to report anti-Man bias now equals or exceeds anti-Woman bias. Similar research on racism, findings...