Blood- and sugar feeding of female mosquitoes has been frequently observed in the laboratory field, but only males reported. Here, we describe for first time that Culex quinquefasciatus feed on blood as well. Blood easily happened a blood-soaked cotton roll and, to lesser extent, through thin artificial layer. Mating history male specimen does not affect his behavior. Male even when they have readily available source. Nevertheless, reduces survival rate just few days, compared more than...

This study focused on coleopteran species that are responsible for the emergence of recent cases dermatological manifestations in Iran. To best our knowledge, five family Meloidae and nine genus Paederus by far only beetles recognized as medically important The staphylinids consists ilsae, P. iliensis, fuscipes, kalalovae, balcanicus, lenkoranus, littoralis, carpathicus, nigricornis, while meloids Mylabris impressa, M. guerini, Muzimes iranicus, Alosimus smyrnensis Epicauta sharpi. Most...

Cantharidin provides chemical protection for the coleopteran families Meloidae and Oedemeridae. In present study, it was observed that cantharidin concentration in Hycleus scabiosae slightly decreased from mated females (mean = 0.011 mg/mg of dry weight) to males 0.010 mg/mg) considerably diminished relation virgin 0.005 mg/mg). Significant concentrations palasonin (21.69 ng/mg among virgins 17.49 females) palasoninimide (14.62 9.17 were found H. scabiosae. Palasonin, cantharidinimide...

Mosquitoes derive energy from plant sugar, thereby promoting survival and reproduction. Its value to females plays a key role in the vectorial capacity of mosquito populations. Previous olfactometry assays responsiveness demonstrated that Senna didymobotrya Fresenius, Parthenium hysterophorus, L. occidentalis, (L) Lantana camara L were among most attractive plants for Mbita strain Anopheles gambiae s.s. Giles eastern Africa. Here, we provide experimental evidence three these four species...

There is a need for more cost-effective options to accurately discriminate among members of the Anopheles gambiae complex, particularly An. and arabiensis. These species are morphologically indistinguishable in adult stage, have overlapping distributions, but behaviorally ecologically different, yet both efficient vectors malaria equatorial Africa. The method described here, High-Resolution Melt (HRM) analysis, takes advantage minute differences DNA melting characteristics, depending on...

Cantharidin is mainly found in the beetle families Meloidae and Oedemeridae (Insecta: Coleoptera) which are natural producers of this terpene anhydride. Most studies to date have focused on cantharidin distribution blister beetles, with few reports recently cantharidin-related compounds (CRCs). Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), present work reported two CRCs, palasonin cantharidinimide from Mylabris impressa stillata (Baudi, 1878) was collected Toyserkan county, Hamedan...

The genus Pachycondyla is a large group of ants in the Ponerini tribe, known mostly from tropical and subtropical regions.Pachycondyla sennaarensis, so-called Samsum ant Middle East, distributed throughout African tropics, Arabian Peninsula Iran, where it responsible for many cases insectinduced dermal lesions systemic reactions humans.Populations P. sennaarensis were studied two regions Iran some aspects their biology, ecology medical importance are herein presented.Colonies contain less...

Cantharidin, a potent vesicant and antifeedant agent, is produced by two families of beetles, Meloidae Oedemeridae (Coleoptera). In this study, the cantharidin content oedemerid beetles central Iran was investigated using GC-MS method. Cantharidin in both sexes Oedemera podagrariae ventralis Meïneïtrieãs (Oedemeridae) found an average 3.89 µg/beetle males 21.68 females, which are amounts sufficient to irritate human skin. The virgin coupled 1.35 1.62 (µg cantharidin/mg beetle) respectively....

Abstract Cantharidin is produced by blister beetles (Coleoptera: Meloidae) and smaller oedemerid (Coleopetra: Oedemeridae) found in hemolymph various tissues. The function of cantharidin the courtship behaviour meloids had never been fully established. Our studies show a correlation between density cuticular pores titre scape pedicel segments male specimens East African species Epicauta nyassensis (Haag‐Rutenberg, 1880) Meloidae). Light microscopy semi‐thin cross sections indicates that...

Unlike the application of Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (Bti) for control larval mosquitoes, studies its effects on adults, possible use in attractive toxic sugar baits, have resulted conflicting results. Five species shown a decrease adult survival due to Bti ingestion, whereas adults Anopheles arabiensis not. We sought determine if ingestion by gambiae, sibling An. arabiensis, increases their mortality. Laboratory-reared were provided continuously from emergence with water only,...

A novel diffusion-cage olfactometer tested the responses of Anopheles gambiae Giles to plant volatiles. Green-leaf volatiles are often released from cut or injured tissue and may alter headspace plants used in assays. The is designed for use with whole, intact plants, hence giving a more realistic behavioral assay. Its simple plastic construction, ease assembly, accommodation whole makes it useful tool measuring mosquito orientation within large enclosures. We compared its performance that...

Abstract Cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) of the epicuticle wax layer are so far used to differentiate insects in species and subspecies levels. In this study, four malaria vectors (genus Anopheles) were collected from various localities southern Iran. Twenty specimens each randomly selected one epicuticular extract was prepared every five specimens. FID‐GC profiles extracts did not show any qualitative difference. Using significant difference CHC mass at retention time (RT) 39.6, two An....

Abstract Twenty‐eight Anopheles species has been so‐far identified in Iran, while only 8 was proved as malaria vector. In this study, we principally examined the cuticular hydrocarbon (CHC) potency identification of Iranian vectors and then differentiation vector non‐vector Anopheles. Seven species, claviger were collected throughout Iran. Female extracts made out every five conspecific specimens by surface immersion pure n‐hexane. Each sample injected into a FID‐GC instrument along with...

ABSTRACT Glyphosate is one of the most common herbicides used to control weeds in USA. This herbicide can impact mosquito life cycle through being carried habitats by runoff. study investigates effects glyphosate on larval development and oviposition a laboratory colony Culex quinquefasciatus. Our experiments indicated that concentration 1 g/liter was lethal instars or larvae impacted were either unable molt pupae never emerged as adults. Larval exposed 0.5 experienced similar impact;...

Abstract Sugar is the sole diet for male mosquitoes and a complementary meal females. Searching natural sources of sugar mediated by semiochemicals. Floral nectars, extra floral nectaries, damaged tissues plants rotten fruits are most common in nature. I provide laboratory evidence high attraction Parthenium hysterophorus L., weed that grows tropical climates, to Anopheles gambiae Giles. This study has tried identify chemicals which might be involved chemical A. this plant. Using...