The high-voltage battery is a crucial element for EV traction systems. It the primary energy source that must be regularly recharged to reach autonomy declared by manufacturer. Therefore, an charging system required ensure process. This review thoroughly investigates available technologies and most popular batteries applications. contributions of this work can summarized as follows: classification topologies electric vehicle chargers are examined, overview current standards provided,...

The present work investigates different models of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell. More specifically, three are studied: a nonlinear state-space model, generic dynamic model integrated into MATLAB/Simulink, and an equivalent RC electrical circuit. A new RL is proposed, the methodology for determining its parameters also given. An experimental test bench, based on 1200-W commercial PEMFC, built to compare static behaviour existing proposed with data. comparative analysis highlights...

This paper compares the performance of different control techniques applied to a high-performance brushless DC (BLDC) motor. The first controller is classical proportional integral (PI) controller. In contrast, second one based on adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference systems (proportional integral-adaptive system (PI-ANFIS) and particle swarm optimization-proportional (PSO-PI-ANFIS)). objective regulate rotor speed its desired reference value in presence load torque disturbance parameter...

Wireless power transfer (WPT) chargers are promising solutions for charging electric vehicles (EVs). Due to their advantages such as ease and safety of use, these increasingly replacing conductive ones. In this paper, we first provide a detailed analysis illustrate the effect varying parameters on operation WPT charger. Secondly, present main design steps charger elements while respecting recommendations SAEJ2954 standard in terms operating frequency, efficiency misalignments. Regarding...

This paper presents an optimized control strategy for a bidirectional interleaved totem pole Power Factor Correction (PFC) converter, employing combination of Model Predictive Control (MPC) and Proportional-Integral (PI) controller. The converter’s mathematical model is used to implement the MPC, which ensures unit power factor during both Grid-to-Vehicle (G2V) Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) operations. Meanwhile, PI controller regulates DC-side voltage. It worth noting that MPC’s design eliminates...

This paper addresses the control task of a wireless power transfer (WPT) charger designed for electric vehicles (EVs). The challenge is to maintain constant battery charging current when WPT controlled on ground side. Indeed, intermittent latency involved in data communication between and vehicle sides leads system instability. To overcome this issue, new approach has been proposed paper. technique ensures indirect through relies an adaptive hill-climbing algorithm conjunction with PI-based...

Based on full and rigorous study, this paper addresses the issue of ensuring a feasible association in practice between Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) DC-DC power converters including buck boost converter. This is mathematically modeled, analyzed, controlled by an optimal PID controller. Using absolute stability tools with analytical approach that takes into consideration windup effects, addition to nonlinear behavior Cell, sufficient conditions are provided ensure closed-loop...

In this paper, a unidirectional wireless power transfer (WPT) system for battery electric vehicle (BEV) charger is addressed. Firstly, detailed analysis given focusing on the following points: (i) phase shift control technique, (ii) reactive compensation topologies and (iii) total harmonic distortion analysis. Secondly, mathematical model established studied its stability discussed. It was found that presents an unstable behaviour when voltage across load chosen as output. This non-minimum...

It is well known that the classical topologies of Buck–Boost converters drain pulsating current from power source. These currents entail acceleration aging rate fuel cell. In this paper, we are considering a DC–DC converter topology featuring continuous input current. The interleaved structure ensures substantial increase in density compensating losses related to switching nature. control objective enforce DC-bus voltage track its desired value despite load uncertainties and ensure adequate...

This research work deals with the problem of controlling a salient-pole permanent-magnet synchronous motor (SP-PMSM) used in hybrid electric vehicles. An adaptive nonlinear controller based on backstepping technique is developed to meet following requirements: control reference vehicle speed presence load variation and changes internal parameters while keeping reliability stability vehicle. The complexity lies system nonlinearity, instability inaccessibility measure all parameters, such as...

The goal of this study was to figure out how regulate an induction motor in a hybrid electric vehicle. Conventional combined vector and direct control motors take advantage the advantages torque control. It is also method that avoids some difficulties implementing both two methods. However, for control, statoric current has great wealth harmonic components which, unfortunately, results strong undulation regardless region speed. To solve problem, five-level neutral point clamped inverter...

This paper deals with the problem of controlling a hybrid energy storage system (ESS), used in electric vehicles. The consists PEM fuel cell and batteries as sources two DC-DC power converters. A nonlinear controller an management (EMS) are developed. Firstly, appropriate model studied is elaborated. Then, elaborated using Lyapunov theory to ensure following objectives: i) tight DC-bus voltage regulation, ii) perfect tracking battery current its reference; iii) asymptotic stability...

This paper deals with the problem of sampled-data observer design to estimate state health (SoH), charge (SoC), and internal temperature for batteries. The observation is based on estimation battery resistance, which supposed be unknown varying temperature. difficulty that system equation contains an parameter (which represents resistance) output-dependent term only accessible measurement at sampling time. proposed approach consists several levels calculation using non-linear observers...

This paper addresses the design of a high gain observer for Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) charger Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV). Firstly, an overview studied system is given. Secondly, classical circuit WPT and its equivalent mathematical model presented. Thirdly, designed system. It should be noted that cost effective solution since it requires only two measured state variables which are voltages across compensation capacitors. Finally, was shown using simulation results estimated match...

This work presented a nonlinear control for reversible power buck–boost converter (BBC) in order to energy storage supercapacitor (SC) used hybrid electric vehicles (HEV). The aim was satisfy the following two requirements: (i) perfect tracking of SC current its reference signal and (ii) asymptotic stability closed-loop system. objectives were achieved using an integral sliding mode control. In validate proposed approach, experimental prototype built. controller integrated into dSPACE...

A nonlinear adaptive observer for a class of systems is introduced. The convergence the proposed studied. designed applied self-sensing control to estimate state-variables and load variations DC-DC Boost Cascade. Performance algorithm with simulations through Matlab/Simulink. influence parameters are discussed prove robustness observer.

Abstract The high cost and complexity of Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) electrolyzers pose substantial challenges for their integration testing within smart grid emulators. Addressing this, our research offers two pivotal contributions. First, we introduce an innovative Equivalent Electrical Circuit (EEC) PEM electrolyzers. This electrical model serves as essential tool evaluating the performance electrolyzers, especially framework renewable energy systems in grids. Our second major...

Scholars worldwide are fascinated by oral traditions, and Moroccan folktales particularly striking within a mosaic of spoken narratives cultural past. Storytellers bring these stories, rich in traditional wisdom, to life both public private spaces. To showcase their storytelling abilities, women assuming roles that have historically been held men, such as "storyteller" "orator." Researchers now examining the forms which portrayed tales, well how female narrators engage with contest...

This study examines Coetzee's Foe (1987) via the lenses of intertextuality, parody, and satire, with a particular emphasis on its subversive reinvention Defoe's colonial story, resistance to authority, subtle reevaluation postcolonial subjecthood. Beyond typical examination as an intertextual antidote Robinson Crusoe(1719), essay digs into articulation power inside silence subaltern. It contends that traditional categorization "subaltern who cannot speak" masks active subject whose is...

Abstract The female Moor of Islamic Spain appeared frequently on the English stage in seventh and eighteeth centuries; however, discussion her character, presence, portrayal performance has been widely missing most critical studies feminine orientalism. image Andalusian women theatre is very intriguing worth dealing with since it offers a site where different dimensions combine, interact, intersect even melt: orientalism, gender politics, theatrical topicality Andalus legacy. This article...