The recent rapid development of urbanization and Internet things (IoT) encourages more research on Smart City in which computing devices are widely distributed huge amount dynamic real-time data collected processed. Although vast volume available for extracting new living patterns making urban plans, efficient processing instant decision still key issues, especially emergency situations requesting quick response with low latency. Fog Computing, as the extension Cloud enables tasks...

The unprecedented urbanization and the staggering development of modern information communication technologies (ICT) demonstrate that concept Smart City is attractive achievable. Beyond scope traditional city services applications, Cities provide urban planners policy makers proactive timely to obtain a dynamic comprehensive understanding about rhythm our cities. sustainability necessitates capability computations data analysis at edge networks, especially for mission critical applications...

Although pathogens such as nematodes are known to hijack nutrients from host plants, the mechanisms whereby obtain sugars plants remain largely unknown. To determine effects of nematode infection on plant sugar allocation, soluble (fructose, glucose, sucrose) content was investigated using high-performance liquid chromatography with refractive index detection and found increase significantly in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum, Sl) leaves roots during early by root-knot (RKNs). further analyze...

Abstract Can massive online retailers such as Amazon and Alibaba issue digital tokens that potentially compete with bank debit accounts? There is a long history of trading stamps loyalty points, but new technologies are poised to sharply raise the significance redeemable assets store value. Here, we develop simple stylized model can be used study sales pricing strategies for issuing tokens, including ICOs. Our central finding platforms earn higher revenues by making non-tradable unless they...

Traditional metrics for live migration of virtual machines (VM) include total time, downtime, network overhead, and application degradation. In this paper, we introduce a new metric, "eviction time", defined as the time to evict entire state VM from source host. Eviction determines how quickly host can be taken offline, or freed resources re-purposed other VMs. traditional approaches migration, such pre-copy post-copy, eviction is equal because destination hosts are coupled duration...

Empirical tests in the 1990s found little evidence of poor countries catching up with rich - unconditional convergence since 1960s, and divergence over longer periods. This stylized fact spurred several developments growth theory, including AK models, poverty trap concept conditional on determinants steady-state income. We revisit these findings, using subsequent 25 years as an out-of-sample test, document a trend towards 1990 2000, driven by both faster catch-up slower frontier. During same...

Empirical tests in the 1990s found little evidence of poor countries catching up with rich - unconditional convergence since 1960s, and divergence over longer periods. This stylized fact spurred several developments growth theory, including AK models, poverty trap concept conditional on determinants steady-state income. We revisit these findings, using subsequent 25 years as an out-of-sample test, document a trend towards 1990 2000, driven by both faster catch-up slower frontier. During same...

We design optimal privacy-enhancing and cost-efficient energy management strategies for consumers that are equipped with a rechargeable storage. The Kullback-Leibler divergence rate is used as privacy measure the expected cost-saving utility measure. corresponding strategy designed by optimizing weighted sum of both cost measures over finite time horizon, which achieved formulating our problem into belief-state Markov decision process problem. A computationally efficient approximated...

In this paper, the real-time energy trading problem between provider and consumers in a smart grid system is studied. The formulated as hierarchical game, where acts leader who determines pricing strategy that maximizes its profits, while act followers react by adjusting their demand to save costs enhance consumption utility. particular, employs depends on aggregated amount of requested consumers, which suits commodity-limited market. With price setting, consumers’ response strategies are...

In this paper, we design privacy-preserving and cost-efficient energy management strategies for smart grid users that are equipped with renewable sources. The adversary is assumed to employ a factorial hidden Markov model based inference load disaggregation, the corresponding joint log-likelihood of utilized as privacy measure. studied dynamic pricing applicable commodity-limited market, where price unit amount determined by users' aggregated power request. designed under non-cooperative...

Na2S, Na2CO3, FeO, FeS and carbon were used to regulate the properties of slag or metal fractions, their effects on growth metal–slag separation behavior investigated. The ferronickel grains can be enhanced by adding these additives, Na2S was most effective. Na2CO3 FeO mainly affected slag, while fraction. onset temperature 1297 °C for sample without additive, which decreased 1123 1101 after 3.30 wt.% 4.47 respectively. controlled average apparent activation energy grain 125.32 kJ/mol it...

In this article, data-driven self-calibration algorithms for the Internet of Things-based gas concentration monitoring systems embedded with low-cost sensors are designed. The measurement errors assumed to be caused by imperfect compensation variation sensor component behavior. Specifically, calibration procedure nondispersive infrared <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$CO_{2}$...

Non-dispersive infrared gas sensing is one of the best measurement method for air quality monitoring. However, sensors drift over time due to sensor aging and environmental factors, which makes calibration necessary. In this paper, we propose a hidden Markov model approach self-calibration, builds on physical based Beer-Lambert law. We focus statistical dependency between coefficient temperature change. Supervised unsupervised learning algorithms learn stochastic parameters are derived...

The design of optimal energy management strategies that trade-off consumers' privacy and expected cost by using an storage is studied. Kullback-Leibler divergence rate used to assess the risk unauthorized testing on behavior. We further show how this problem can be formulated as a belief state Markov decision process so standard tools framework utilized, solution obtained Bellman dynamic programming. Finally, we illustrate privacy-enhancement cost-saving numerical examples.

Exploiting full-duplex (FD) technology on base stations (BSs) is a promising solution to enhancing the system performance. Motivated by this, we revisit station (FD-BS) aided OFDMA system, which consists of one BS, several uplink/downlink users and multiple subcarriers. A joint 3-dimensional (3D) mapping scheme among subcarriers, down-link (DUEs), uplink (UUEs) considered as well an associated power allocation optimization. In detail, first decompose complex 3D problem into three...

The increasing integration of renewable energy resources (RES) introduces uncertainties in modern power systems and makes the dynamic dispatch (DED) problem challenging. Uncertainties lead to grid control, which needs be addressed for optimized DED. Moreover, since usage generation are distributed, multiple parties can involved DED problem. Thus, should a distributed way efficiency privacy. With development Internet Things (IoT) machine learning technology, various data gathered analyzed...

Fraud has become a serious risk to the burgeoning industry of Internet finance.To predict and prevent fraud, this paper develops control model that accurately predicts fraud behaviors online loan borrowers, based on their social network data consumption information.Firstly, statistical analysis was carried out clarify relationship between user behavior fraud.Next, suitable variables were selected through big analysis, used build model, in combination with random forest (RF) algorithm modern...

Background The co‐occurrence of schizophrenia and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been well documented. Recent genome‐wide association studies meta‐analyses have shown robust associations the solute carrier family 30 member 8 ( SLC30A8 ) gene variants with T2DM in various populations. We examined involvement susceptibility to a Han Chinese population. Methods rs13266634 polymorphism was genotyped 837 chronic schizophrenic 1109 unrelated healthy controls by using case control design. also...

We elicit individuals' subjective risk and return for savings, stocks, real estate, gold, cryptocurrencies, government bonds based on a representative sample of 2,548 U.S. survey respondents. The majority respondents do not expect higher returns an asset that is perceived as being riskier than other assets, while objective measures exhibit positive risk-return trade-off. This result mainly driven by whose beliefs about expected are misaligned with average returns. Misaligned tend to perceive...

Non-dispersive infrared gas sensing is one of the best measurement method for air quality monitoring. However, sensors drift over time due to sensor aging and environmental factors, which makes regular calibration necessary. In this paper, we first propose a general belief function fusion framework NDIR calibration, where focus on getting reasonable fused true CO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> level. To deal with...