This paper elaborates on Conditional Handover (CHO) - a mobility feature designed in Release 16 of 3 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">rd</sup> Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), aimed at improving the reliability handover cellular networks. CHO has turned out to be successful and attracted several other areas mobile networks, where increased is also desirable (e.g. Non-Terrestrial Networks or Integrated Access Backhaul)....

Although frequency range 2 (FR2) systems are an essential part of 5G-Advanced and future 3GPP releases, the mobility performance multi-panel user equipment (MPUE) with hand blockage is still area open for research standardization. In this article, a comprehensive study on MPUE performed conditional handover (CHO) its potential enhancement denoted by fast (FCHO). contrast to CHO, in FCHO can reuse earlier target cell preparations after each autonomously execute subsequent handovers. This...

High carrier frequencies are an integral part of the upcoming 5G mobile networks due to available larger transmission bandwidths that offer high data rates and increase quality experience. To compensate for path loss at these frequencies, beamforming is applied, resulting in users connecting switching between beams same or different cells. The current 3D channel models proposed complex have computational complexity when used user mobility investigations, which typically require long...

To study critical 5G mobility features like zero-millisecond interruption time and multi-connectivity, an average downlink Signal-to-Interference Noise Ratio (SINR) is needed for radio link failure detection throughput calculation. This paper presents accurate approximation of the SINR with low computational complexity in networks where base station forms multiple beams simultaneously. this end, geometry-based budget formulated first both desired interfering signals. Then, a closed form...

Conditional handover (CHO) is a state-of-the-art 3GPP mechanism used in 5G networks. Although it improves mobility robustness by reducing failures, the decoupling of preparation and execution phases CHO significantly increases signaling overhead. For 5G-Advanced networks, fast (FCHO) recent proposal that offers practical solution whereby user equipment (UE) can reuse earlier target cell preparations after each to autonomously execute subsequent handovers. This saves overhead associated with...

Frequency Range 2 (FR2) has become an integral part of 5G networks to fulfill the ever increasing demand for user data throughput. However, radio signals in FR2 experience high path and diffraction loss mobile environments. To address this issue, multi-panel equipment (MPUE) is adopted whereby multiple antenna panels are placed on UE body leverage gains from directivity. In contrast traditional UEs with isotropic radiation patterns, signal measurements cells network may not be available all...

Millimeter-wave has become an integral part of 5G networks to meet the ever-increasing demand for user data throughput. Employing higher carrier frequencies introduces new challenges propagation channel such as path loss and rapid signal degradations. On other hand, allow deployment small-sized antenna elements that enable beamforming. To investigate mobility under these conditions, a proper model is needed captures spatial temporal characteristics in beamformed networks. Current models have...

Millimeter-wave frequency bands enable the deployment of small-sized antenna arrays in fifth generation mobile networks, which provide high beamforming gain for both transmitter and receiver. In order to study user mobility, a computationally efficient simulator is needed that runs with time step resolution higher than transmission-time-interval cellular networks. such simulators, typically average downlink signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio (SINR) used radio link failure detection...

Carrier frequencies above 6 GHz are adopted for the upcoming fifth generation (5G) mobile networks since they offer higher data rates than today's legacy networks. High allow deployment of multiple antenna elements in single array. Analog, digital, and hybrid beamforming techniques practiced to generate beams with high gain compensating increased path loss. In 5G, user equipments (UEs) not only connected cells, but also served by specific cells. This study investigates beam management...

The hand blockage effect of the human around user equipment (UE) is too considerable to be ignored in frequency range 2 (FR2). This adds another layer complexity link budget design FR2 for 5G networks, which already suffer from high path and diffraction loss. More recently, multipanel UEs (MPUEs) have been proposed as a way address this problem, whereby multiple distinct antenna panels are integrated into UE body leverage gains directivity. MPUEs also enhance Rx-beamforming gain because it...

Frequency range 2 (FR2) has become an integral part of 5G networks to fulfill the ever-increasing demand for data hungry-applications. However, radio signals in FR2 experience high path and diffraction loss, which also pronounces problem inter intra-cell interference. As a result, both serving target links are affected, leading link failures (RLFs) handover (HOFs), respectively. To address this issue, multi-panel user equipment (MPUE) is proposed 5G-Advanced whereby multiple spatially...

This paper elaborates on Conditional Handover (CHO) modelling, aimed at maximizing the use of contention free random access (CFRA) during mobility. is a desirable behavior as CFRA increases chance fast and successful handover. In CHO this may be especially challenging time between preparation actual cell change can significantly longer in comparison to non-conditional Thus, new means mitigate issue need defined. We present scheme where beam-specific measurement reporting lead resource...

For fifth-generation (5G) and 5G-Advanced networks, outage reduction within the context of reliability is a key objective since denotes time period when user equipment (UE) cannot communicate with network. Earlier studies have shown that in experimental high mobility scenario considered, dominated by interruption stems from random access channel (RACH)-based handover process serving cell to target cell. A itself necessary prevent failures their associated outage. This paper proposes...

The study on mobility is an inherent part of any generation cellular technology. It aimed at ensuring robust, reliable, and interruption-free handover the mobile user connection. Such continuous improvement necessary as service requirements become more stringent which urge to meet highest performance expectations. In this paper, it described how such are be achieved by 3GPP Release 18 components. begins with introduction world mobility, covering solutions that have been designed since first...

Higher frequencies that are introduced in 5G networks cause rapid signal degradation and challenge user mobility. In recent studies, a conditional handover procedure has been adopted for to enhance mobility robustness. this paper, performance of the is analysed mm-Wave systems with beamforming. addition, resource efficient random access proposed increases chance contention-free during handover, which reduces signaling interruption time. Moreover, simple, yet, effective decision tree based...

In this paper, physical-layer network coding (PLNC) which is widely considered recently in the wireless communications research area applied to bidirectional broadcast relay channels. During work, mutual information transfer between two groups of users can not directly communicate with each other provided by a and PLNC technique. Each user group transmits its own all users. Analytical outage bit error probability expressions for system are derived obtained results supported computer...

Frequency range 2 (FR2) has become an integral part of 5G networks to fulfill the ever-increasing demand for data hungry-applications. However, radio signals in FR2 experience high path and diffraction loss, which also pronounces problem inter intra-cell interference. As a result, both serving target links are affected, leading link failures (RLFs) handover (HOFs), respectively. To address this issue, multi-panel user equipment (MPUE) is proposed 5G-Advanced whereby multiple spatially...

This paper elaborates on Conditional Handover (CHO) modelling, aimed at maximizing the use of contention free random access (CFRA) during mobility. is a desirable behavior as CFRA increases chance fast and successful handover. In CHO this may be especially challenging time between preparation actual cell change can significantly longer in comparison to non-conditional Thus, new means mitigate issue need defined. We present scheme where beam-specific measurement reporting lead resource...

In 5G cellular networks, frequency range 2 (FR2) introduces higher frequencies that cause rapid signal degradation and challenge user mobility. recent studies, a conditional handover procedure has been adopted as an enhancement to baseline enhance mobility robustness. this article, the performance of is analyzed for mm-wave network in FR2 employs beamforming. addition, resource-efficient random access proposed increases probability contention-free during handover. Moreover, simple yet...

Optimizing the mobility performance while maintaining signalling efficiency are key aspects of any handover procedure. In particular, to make this process rapid and reliable, it is important prioritize use Contention Free Random Access (CFRA) during cell change, including Conditional Handover (CHO). This paper focused on CFRA resource updating scheme which can further increase benefits CHO. The investigated framework refers our recent work extends previously proposed algorithm by introducing...

Millimeter-wave has become an integral part of 5G networks to meet the ever-increasing demand for user data throughput. Employing higher carrier frequencies introduces new challenges propagation channel such as path loss and rapid signal degradations. On other hand, allow deployment small-sized antenna elements that enable beamforming. To investigate mobility under these conditions, a proper model is needed captures spatial temporal characteristics in beamformed networks. Current models have...