Gaze and head tracking, or pointing, in head-mounted displays enables new input modalities for point-select tasks. We conducted a Fitts' law experiment with 41 subjects comparing pointing gaze using 300 ms dwell (n = 22) click 19) activation, mouse providing baseline both conditions. were equally fast but slower than the mouse; activation was faster activation. Throughput highest (2.75 bits/s), followed by (2.04 bits/s) (1.85 bits/s). With however, throughput almost identical, as effective...

Gaze tracking in virtual reality (VR) allows for hands-free text entry, but it has not yet been explored. We investigate how the keyboard design, selection method, and motion field of view may impact typing performance user experience. present two studies people (n = 32) with gaze+dwell gaze+click inputs VR. In study 1, was flat within-view; 2, larger-than-view curved. Both included a stationary dynamic conditions user's view.

This paper presents a Fitts' law experiment and clinical case study performed with head-mounted display (HMD). The compared gaze, foot, head pointing. With the equipment setup we used, gaze was slower than other pointing methods, especially in lower visual field. Throughputs for foot were mouse their effective target widths also higher. A follow-up included seven participants movement disorders. Only two of able to calibrate tracking but all could use pointing, although throughput less...

Shoulder-surfing is the act of spying on an authorized user a computer system with malicious intent gaining unauthorized access. Current solutions to address shoulder-surfing such as graphical passwords, gaze input, tactile interfaces, and so are limited by low accuracy, lack precise gaze-input, susceptibility video analysis attack. We present intelligent gesture-based that authenticates users from their unique patterns onto moving geometric shapes. The comparing scan-path each shapes' paths...

Shoulder surfing enables an attacker to gain the authentication details of a victim through observations and is becoming threat visual privacy. We present DyGazePass: Dynamic Gaze Passwords, strategy that uses dynamic gaze gestures. also two interfaces, static-dynamic interface, leverage this counter shoulder attacks. The core idea is, user authenticates by following uniquely colored circles move along random paths on screen. Through multiple evaluations, we discuss how accuracy varies with...

Recent developments in eye tracking technology are paving the way for gaze-driven interaction as primary modality. Despite successful efforts, existing solutions to "Midas Touch" problem have two inherent issues: 1) lower accuracy, and 2) visual fatigue that yet be addressed. In this work we present GAWSCHI: a Gaze-Augmented, Wearable-Supplemented Computer-Human Interaction framework enables accurate quick interactions, while being completely immersive hands-free. GAWSCHI uses an tracker...

Failing to brush one's teeth regularly can have surprisingly serious health consequences, from periodontal disease coronary heart pancreatic cancer. This problem is especially worrying when caring for the elderly and/or individuals with dementia, as they often forget or are unable perform standard activities such brushing their teeth, washing hands, and taking medication. To ensure that correctly looked after placed under supervision of caretakers family members, simultaneously limiting...

A recent trend in the popular health news is, reporting dangers of prolonged inactivity one's daily routine. The claims are wide variety and aggressive nature, linking a sedentary lifestyle with obesity shortened lifespans [25]. Rather than enforcing an individual to perform physical exercise for predefined interval time, we propose design, implementation, evaluation context aware assistant system (called Step Up Life) that encourages user adopt healthy life style by performing simple,...

Gaze Typing, a gaze-assisted text entry method, allows individuals with motor (arm, spine) impairments to enter on computer using virtual keyboard and their gaze. Though gaze typing is widely accepted, this method limited by its lower speed, higher error rate, the resulting visual fatigue, since dwell-based key selection used. In research, we present gaze-assisted, wearable-supplemented, foot interaction framework for dwell-free typing. The consists of custom-built keyboard, an eye tracker,...

Despite the utility of gaze gestures as an input method, there is a lack guidelines available regarding how to design gestures, what algorithms use for gesture recognition, and these compare in terms performance. To facilitate development applications that leverage we have evaluated performance combination template-based data-driven on two custom sets can map user actions. Template-based had consistently high accuracies but slowest runtimes, making them best small or accuracy-critical...

Transforming gaze input into a rich and assistive interaction modality is one of the primary interests in eye tracking research. Gaze conjunction with traditional solutions to "Midas Touch" problem, dwell time or blink, not matured enough be widely adopted. In this regard, we present our preliminary work, framework that achieves precise "point click" interactions desktop environment through combining foot modalities. The comprises an tracker foot-operated quasi-mouse wearable. system...

We investigate new media to improve how teams of students create and organize artifacts as they perform design. Some design are readymade-e.g., prior work, reference images, code framework repositories-while others self-made-e.g., storyboards, mock ups, prototypes, user study reports. studied computer science use the medium free-form web curation collect, assemble, report on their team-based projects. From our mixed qualitative methods analysis, we found that space scale was central...

Gaze gesture-based interactions on a computer are promising, but the existing systems limited by number of supported gestures, recognition accuracy, need to remember stroke order, lack extensibility, and so on. We present gaze interaction framework where user can design gestures associate them appropriate commands like minimize, maximize, scroll, This allows interact with wide range applications using common set gestures. Furthermore, our gesture algorithm is independent screen size,...

Gaze-assisted interaction has commonly been used in a standard desktop setting. When interacting with large displays, as new scenarios like situationally-induced impairments emerge, it is more convenient to use the gaze-based multi-modal input than other inputs. However, unknown how compares touch and mouse We compared gaze+foot inputs on display Fitts' Law experiment that conforms ISO 9241-9. From study involving 23 participants, we found gaze lowest throughput (2.33 bits/s), highest...

Intelligent tutoring systems (ITS) empower instructors to make teaching more engaging by providing a platform tutor, deliver learning material, and assess students' progress. Despite the advantages, existing ITS do not automatically how students engage in problem solving? How they perceive various activities? much time spend on each activity leading solution? In this research, we present an eye tracking framework that, based movement data, can perceived activities overall engagement sketch...

Advances in ubiquitous computing technology improve workplace productivity, reduce physical exertion, but ultimately result a sedentary work style. Sedentary behavior is associated with an increased risk of stress, obesity, and other health complications. Let Me Relax fully automated sedenta

Recent advancements in eye tracking technology are driving the adoption of gaze-assisted interaction as a rich and accessible human-computer paradigm. Gaze-assisted serves contextual, non-invasive, explicit control method for users without disabilities; with motor or speech impairments, text entry by gaze primary means communication. Despite significant advantages, is still not widely accepted because its inherent limitations: 1) Midas touch, 2) low accuracy mouse-like interactions, 3) need...

A highly secure, foolproof, user authentication system is still a primary focus of research in the field User Privacy and Security. Shoulder-surfing an act spying when authorized logging into system, promoted by malicious intent gaining unauthorized access. We present gaze-assisted as potential solution to counter shoulder-surfing attacks. The comprises eye tracker interface with 12 pre-defined shapes (e.g., triangle, circle, etc.) that move simultaneously on screen. chooses set three...

This paper presents a Fitts' law experiment and clinical case study performed with head-mounted display (HMD). The compared gaze, foot, head pointing. With the equipment setup we used, gaze was slower than other pointing methods, especially in lower visual field. Throughputs for foot were mouse their effective target widths also higher. A follow-up included seven participants movement disorders. Only two of able to calibrate tracking but all could use pointing, although throughput less...

Gaze input has been a promising substitute for mouse point and select interactions. Individuals with severe motor speech disabilities primarily rely on gaze communication. also serves as hands-free modality in the scenarios of situationally-induced impairments (SIIDs). Hence, performance often compared to through standardized evaluation procedure like Fitts' Law. With proliferation touch-enabled devices such smartphones, tablet PCs, or any computing device touch surface, it is important...