Introduction This study cross-validates and expands upon previous research by examining the optimal number of PVT failures necessary to determine invalid performance when 10 PVTs are administered during a neuropsychological evaluation. Additionally, assessed degree skewness individual intercorrelations for overall sample validity group.

Objective: Differential diagnosis of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one the most common referral questions for neuropsychological evaluation but complicated by presence external incentives. Validity assessment therefore critical in such evaluations, employing symptom validity tests (SVTs) and performance (PVTs) to assess reported symptoms cognitive test performance, respectively. This study aimed establish base rate invalidity adults referred ADHD, compare concordance...

This study investigated the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Fourth Edition Letter-Number Sequencing (LNS) subtest as an embedded performance validity indicator among adults undergoing attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) evaluation, and its potential incremental value over Reliable Digit Span (RDS).

Introduction: Research to date has supported the use of multiple performance validity tests (PVTs) for determining status in clinical settings. However, implications including versus excluding patients failing one PVT remains a source debate, and methodological guidelines research are lacking. This study evaluated three classification approaches (i.e. 0 vs. ≥2, 0–1 ≥1 failures) using reference standards criterion groupings) recommend best suited establishing groups methodology.Method: A...

Introduction The Clinical Assessment of Attention Deficit-Adult is among the few questionnaires that offer validity indicators (i.e., Negative Impression [NI], Infrequency [IF], and Positive [PI]) for classifying underreporting overreporting attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms. This first study to cross-validate NI, IF, PI scales in a sample adults with suspected or known ADHD.

This study evaluated multiple previously-identified Continuous Performance Test-Third Edition (CPT-3) scores as embedded validity indicators (EVIs) among 201 adults undergoing neuropsychological evaluation for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) divided into valid (n = 169) and invalid 32) groups based on seven criterion measures. Although 6/10 CPT-3 accurately detected invalidity, only two reached minimally acceptable classification accuracy of ≥0.70. The remaining four had...

Objective Individuals unable to complete neuropsychological tests within designated time limits (i.e. discontinue) are often excluded from statistical analysis. However, discontinuation may represent a meaningful clinical consideration. The present study investigated the utility of on Trail Making Test Part B (TMT-B) as an indicator cognitive functioning.

Neurocognitive performance in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is heterogeneous; some individuals with ADHD demonstrate neurocognitive deficits while others display none. Attempts to establish a singular profile of have been unsuccessful. Latent class clustering techniques offer more granular method examining interindividual and intraindividual heterogeneity ADHD. There may be distinct phenotypes among the population adults This study utilized latent analysis on...

Introduction The field of neuropsychology is undergoing notable changes, especially in the context Minnesota Update Conference (MNC) guidelines draft development. In late 2023, a group trainee-leaders, united through Clinical Neuropsychology Trainee Forum (CNTF), surveyed trainees United States and Canada to better understand their needs perception current training climate.

This study evaluated the impact of single-domain impairment in processing speed and memory versus multidomain on Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test Forced Choice (RAVLT FC) Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised Recognition Discrimination (BVMT-R RD) PVTs among a sample 385 nonconsecutive mixed clinical patients referred for outpatient neuropsychological evaluation. The was dichotomized to form valid (n = 307) invalid 78) groups. group subdivided into an intact cognition 174), 27) 59) groups,...

Administering multiple performance validity tests (PVTs) is essential throughout neuropsychological evaluations to objectively determine test validity, with ≥2 PVT failures generally indicating invalid performance. However, the impact of exceeding this standard invalidity threshold remains unclear. This study explored whether scores are artificially lowered in a "dose-dependent" manner as number freestanding increases. Cross-sectional analysis was conducted on 358 clinical referrals from an...

Abstract Background Subjective cognitive concerns (SCCs) refer to individuals’ self-identified limitations, irrespective of objective neurocognitive performance. Previous literature has overwhelmingly found that psychiatric factors, not dysfunction, are a primary correlate elevated SCCs across wide range clinical populations. However, the relationship between and performance is complex may further be influenced by underlying mechanisms various impairments or etiologies. Moreover, much extant...

Reliable Digit Span (RDS), RDS-Revised (RDS-R), and age-corrected scaled score (ACSS) have been previously validated as embedded performance validity tests (PVTs) from the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-IV subtest (WAIS-IV DS). However, few studies directly compared relative utility of these other proposed WAIS-IV DS indicators within a single sample.This study classification accuracies 10 indices in mixed neuropsychiatric sample 227 outpatients who completed standardized...

This study investigated the relationship between processing speed impairment severity and performance on Rey 15-Item Test (RFIT) RFIT + Recognition.

This study examined the extent to which demographic variables (i.e., age, education, premorbid IQ, sex, ethnoracial identity, and presence/absence of external incentive) affect performance validity test (PVT) performance.This cross-sectional two distinct, diverse outpatient clinical samples at an academic medical center (AMC, N = 268) a Veterans Affairs (VA) (N 111). All patients completed battery including five PVTs. Premorbid IQ was assessed using Test Functioning (TOPF) in AMC...

Embedded validity indicators (EVIs) derived from motor tests have received less empirical attention than those of other neuropsychological abilities, particularly memory. Preliminary evidence suggests that the Grooved Pegboard Test (GPB) may function as an EVI, but existing studies were largely conducted using simulators and population samples without cognitive impairment. In this study we aimed to evaluate GPB's classification accuracy EVI among a mixed clinical neuropsychiatric sample with...

Despite widespread use of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2-Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF), it is surprisingly understudied among adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This significant as ADHD a frequent referral for neuropsychological evaluation; however, core symptom attention difficulty nonspecific sequela many psychological disorders. study aimed to characterize MMPI-2-RF profiles and examine effect comorbid psychopathology.A large, demographically...

One problem that has plagued Genetic Programming (GP) and its derivatives is numerical constant creation. Given a mathematical formula expressed as tree structure, the leaf nodes are either variables or constants. Such constants usually unknown in Symbolic Regression (SR) problems, GP, well many of derivatives, lack ability to precisely approximate these values. This due inherently discrete encoding GP-like methods which more suited combinatorial searches than real-valued optimization tasks....

This study investigated a combination of eight embedded performance validity tests (PVTs) derived from commonly administered neuropsychological to optimize sensitivity/specificity for detecting invalid test performance. The goal this was evaluate what these common PVTs that have the most robust predictive power in single diverse clinical sample.Eight previously validated memory- and nonmemory-based were examined among 231 patients undergoing evaluation. Patients classified into valid/invalid...

This cross-sectional study compared adults diagnosed with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder-Inattentive (ADHD-I) and ADHD-Combined (ADHD-C) presentations a non-ADHD group on verbal visual learning delayed recall using the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised (BVMT-R), respectively. Data from 380 predominately college student adult outpatients were used, 155 who met criteria for ADHD-I, 165 ADHD-C, 60 did not meet ADHD but primary depressive...

Objective This study examined the impact of impairment in two specific cognitive abilities, processing speed and memory, on Dot Counting Test (DCT) classification accuracy by evaluating performance validity across cognitively unimpaired, single-domain impairment, multidomain subgroups within a mixed clinical sample.

Objective: This study investigated whether extreme cut-scores on the Barkley Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Rating Scale-Fourth Edition (BAARS-IV) self-report scales could serve as symptom overreporting indicators in adult ADHD evaluations. Method: The sample consisted of 162 adults who underwent a neuropsychological evaluation for ADHD. Patients were classified into valid (n = 115) and invalid 47) groups based multiple criterion validity tests. Results: Overreporting...