A5044652749- Marine and coastal ecosystems
- Microbial Community Ecology and Physiology
- Marine Biology and Ecology Research
- Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes
- Aquatic Ecosystems and Phytoplankton Dynamics
- Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows
- Diatoms and Algae Research
- Protist diversity and phylogeny
- Environmental DNA in Biodiversity Studies
- Aeolian processes and effects
- Methane Hydrates and Related Phenomena
- Marine and fisheries research
- Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols
- Micro and Nano Robotics
- Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics
- Isotope Analysis in Ecology
- Coastal and Marine Management
- Identification and Quantification in Food
- Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies
- Ocean Acidification Effects and Responses
- Coral and Marine Ecosystems Studies
- Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics
- Paleontology and Stratigraphy of Fossils
- Marine animal studies overview
- Marine Toxins and Detection Methods
University of Maine
2014-2024
College of Marin
2016-2022
New York University Press
2017
Cambridge University Press
2017
Harvard University Press
2017
Chitose Institute of Science and Technology
2017
Oregon State University
2000
NOAA Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory
2000
University of Michigan
2000
Whitman College
2000
Microbes are dominant drivers of biogeochemical processes, yet drawing a global picture functional diversity, microbial community structure, and their ecological determinants remains grand challenge. We analyzed 7.2 terabases metagenomic data from 243 Tara Oceans samples 68 locations in epipelagic mesopelagic waters across the globe to generate an ocean reference gene catalog with >40 million nonredundant, mostly novel sequences viruses, prokaryotes, picoeukaryotes. Using 139...
The ocean is home to myriad small planktonic organisms that underpin the functioning of marine ecosystems. However, their spatial patterns diversity and underlying drivers remain poorly known, precluding projections responses global changes. Here we investigate latitudinal gradients predictors plankton across archaea, bacteria, eukaryotes, major virus clades using both molecular imaging data from Tara Oceans. We show a decline for most groups toward poles, mainly driven by decreasing...
In this paper we review on the technologies available to make globally quantitative observations of particles, in general, and plankton, particular, world oceans, for sizes varying from sub-micron centimeters. Some these have been years while others only recently emerged. Use is critical improve understanding processes that control abundances, distributions composition provide data necessary constrain ecosystem biogeochemical models, forecast changes marine ecosystems light climate change....
The North Atlantic Aerosols and Marine Ecosystems Study (NAAMES) is an interdisciplinary investigation to improve understanding of Earth's ocean ecosystem-aerosol-cloud system. Specific overarching science objectives for NAAMES are (1) characterize plankton ecosystem properties during primary phases the annual cycle their dependence on environmental forcings, (2) determine how these interact recreate each year conditions bloom, (3) resolve remote marine aerosols boundary layer clouds...
Abstract Aquatic ecologists face challenges in identifying the general rules of functioning ecosystems. A common framework, including freshwater, marine, benthic, and pelagic ecologists, is needed to bridge communication gaps foster knowledge sharing. This framework should transcend local specificities taxonomy order provide a ground shareable tools address scientific challenges. Here, we advocate use functional trait‐based approaches (FTBAs) for aquatic propose concrete paths go forward....
The backscattering properties of marine phytoplankton, which are assumed to vary widely with differences in size, shape, morphology and internal structure, have been directly measured the laboratory on a very limited basis. This work presents results from analysis thirteen phytoplankton species five major taxa. Optical measurements include portions volume scattering function (VSF) absorption attenuation coefficients at nine wavelengths. VSF was used obtain coefficient for each species, we...
Abstract The North Atlantic phytoplankton spring bloom is the pinnacle in an annual cycle that driven by physical, chemical, and biological seasonality. Despite its important contributions to global carbon cycle, transitions plankton community composition between winter have been scarcely examined Atlantic. Phytoplankton early was compared with latitudinal transects captured subsequent climax. Amplicon sequence variants (ASVs), imaging flow cytometry, flow-cytometry provided a synoptic view...
Four North Atlantic Aerosol and Marine Ecosystems Study (NAAMES) field campaigns from winter 2015 through spring 2018 sampled an extensive set of oceanographic atmospheric parameters during the annual phytoplankton bloom cycle. This unique dataset provides four seasons open-ocean observations wind speed, sea surface temperature (SST), seawater particle attenuation at 660 nm ( c p,660 , a measure ocean particulate organic carbon), bacterial production rates, sea-spray aerosol size...
A global photic-ocean plankton ecological network predicts distinct vulnerabilities to environmental change across marine biomes.
Abstract Diatoms are the most recent major algal lineage added to geological record, appearing more than 200 million years ago. They stramenopile protists resulting from a secondary endosymbiotic event that yielded only photosynthetic protistan expressing external siliceous cell wall structures called frustules. Many diatoms also have large internal vacuoles, and common assumption in literature is success of largely attributable these two morphological inventions: frustule for defense...
Biogeographical studies have traditionally focused on readily visible organisms, but recent technological advances are enabling analyses of the large-scale distribution microscopic whose biogeographical patterns long been debated. Here we assessed global structure plankton geography and its relation to biological, chemical, physical context ocean (the ‘seascape’) by analyzing metagenomes communities sampled across oceans during Tara Oceans expedition, in light environmental data current...
Zooplankton plays a major role in ocean food webs and biogeochemical cycles, provides ecosystem services as main driver of the biological carbon pump sustaining fish communities. is also sensitive to its environment reacts changes. To better understand importance zooplankton, inform prognostic models that try represent them, spatially-resolved biomass estimates key plankton taxa are desirable. In this study we predict, for first time, global distribution 19 zooplankton (1-50 mm Equivalent...
Periodic blooms of salps (pelagic tunicates) can result in high export organic matter, leading to an "outsized" role the ocean's biological carbon pump (BCP). However, due their episodic and patchy nature, salp often go undetected are rarely included measurements or models BCP. We quantified salp-mediated processes northeast subarctic Pacific Ocean summer 2018 during a bloom Salpa aspera. Salps migrated from 300 750 m day into upper 100 at night. Salp fecal pellet production comprised up 82%...
Abstract Phytoplankton accessory pigments are commonly used to estimate phytoplankton size classes, particularly during development and validation of biogeochemical models satellite ocean color‐based algorithms. The diagnostic pigment analysis (DPA) is based on bulk measurements concentrations relies assumptions regarding the presence specific in different taxonomic groups. Three classes defined by DPA: picoplankton, nanoplankton, microplankton. Until now, DPA has not been evaluated against...
The goal of the EXport Processes in Ocean from RemoTe Sensing (EXPORTS) field campaign is to develop a predictive understanding export, fate, and carbon cycle impacts global ocean net primary production. To accomplish this goal, observations export flux pathways, plankton community composition, food web processes, optical, physical, biogeochemical (BGC) properties are needed over range ecosystem states. Here we introduce first EXPORTS deployment Station Papa Northeast Pacific during summer...
Information on cell size is central to studies of phytoplankton ecology, yet in situ measurements particle distribution remain a challenge. The LISST‐100 (Laser In Situ Scattering and Transmissometry; Sequoia Scientific, Inc.) one few commercially available instruments that provide autonomous distributions suspended particles situ. Its capability needs be evaluated, however, for two reasons. First, not measured directly; rather, information obtained from near‐forward scattering are inverted...
We examined high‐resolution cross‐shelf distributions of particulate organic carbon (POC) and dissolved O 2 during the upwelling season off Oregon coast. Oxygen concentrations were supersaturated in surface waters, hypoxic near‐bottom with greatly expanded conditions late season. Simplified time‐dependent mass balances on integrated these two parameters, found following: (1) The average net rate photosynthesis generated 2.1 mmol m −3 d −1 (2) essentially none corresponding fixation 1.4 could...
Abstract Climate change redistributes turbulence in both space and time, adding urgency to understanding of effects. Many analytic analog models used simulate assess effects on plankton rely simple Couette flow. There shear rates are constant spatially uniform, hence so is vorticity. Over the last decade, however, research within fluid dynamics has focused structure dissipative vortices time. Vorticity gradients, finite net diffusion vorticity small radii curvature streamlines ubiquitous...
The ability to quantify spatio-temporal variability in phytoplankton growth and productivity is essential improving our understanding of global carbon dynamics trophic energy flow. Satellite-based observations offered the first opportunity estimate depth-integrated net primary production (NPP) at a scale, but early modeling approaches could not effectively address algal physiology, particularly effects photoacclimation on changes cellular chlorophyll. Here, previously developed model was...