<title>Abstract</title> Post tensioned concrete bridge girders are common structural members provided to ensure large load resistance in construction. However the integrity of post tensioning system is importance for overall performance girder. There several factors contributing deficiency this includes inadequate grouting, poor design and defect construction methods. This can led corrosion bond loss members. The damage caused by different type’s loads especially cyclic partially grouted...

We demonstrate an all-optical wavelength converter using a ring cavity that produces conversion efficiency of more than unity within certain bandwidth. The highly nonlinear fiber is used as the parametric amplifying medium and it pumped by four independent pump lasers at 1427, 1443, 1461, 1493 nm. formed internally from through effect stimulated Raman scattering. interaction between signal becomes intensified they propagate along input to output ports. This un-depleted power condition...

Wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) in optical fiber networks has gained wide acceptance as a means to handle the ever-increasing bandwidth demands of network users. An add-drop multiplexer (OADM) is an important device add or drop wavelengths and crosstalk OADM degrades performance WDM system. In this article we have developed analytical model study incoherent Bragg grating based OADM. Results show that crosstalk, power penalty, relative intensity noise bit error rate are minimum when...

Highly porous HA scaffolds were synthesized from bioceramics by using the polyurethane (PU) sponge template method. The as-prepared then fabricated with poly (vinyl alcohol)/chitosan (PVA/CS) and collagen/chitosan (COL/CS) polymeric materials at 4:1 ratio in coating 2-phase atmospheric condition. Further, microstructure of biomaterials characterized FE-SEM mechanical properties tested Shimadzu Compact Tabletop Testing Machine EZTest. It was revealed study that incorporation PVA/CS or COL/CS...

Stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) is a resonant nonlinear optical interaction with the material that results in transmitted light being scattered back towards input.Although high power lasers are available to overcome intrinsic loss of standard single mode transmission fibers (0.2 0.3 dB/km) but SBS places an upper limit on can be through link.Usually, normally has lower threshold (≤1.4 mW) than other effects.In this paper we see effect fiber system and different types methods eliminate...

Sensors and actuators constructed from freestanding tantalum thin films show promise for micromachining applications the study of film mechanical behavior. To assess this promise, it is necessary to gain further understanding performance Ta as a structural material. We first coefficient thermal expansion, αTa, using micromachined bent beams, which amplify displacement compared linear expansion. The value αTa 6.8•10−6 m/m°C, in good agreement with bulk value. This validation enables...

An analytical approach is presented for modelling crosstalk and to evaluate the bit error rate (BER) performance in a wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) network link with optical cross connect (OXC). Factors that affect magnitude of OXC are investigated identified. The effects induced on BER evaluated at 10 Gb/s by optimizing different parameters. results show optimized values gate extinction ratio, filter transmission factor, number wavelengths input fibers, minimum power around -10dBm...

The heat transfer enhancement is recycled in many engineering uses such as exchangers, refrigeration and air conditioning structures, chemical apparatuses, automobile radiators. Hence enhancing extended fin patterns are developed used. In multi louvered fin, this segment for multi-row tube exchanger, an increase found 58% ReH = 350. When the Reynolds number 1075, temperature gradient more distinct greater louver angle that higher enhanced large angle. For variable maximum improvement...

In fibre optic transmission system self phase modulation (SPM) and cross (XPM) cause interference between optical fields. The allowable input power capacity are limited by these effects. Also at high bit rate the distance is group velocity dispersion (GVD). this research paper comparison effect of XPM with SPM & GVD CD on pulse have been done in terms broadening factor. result evaluated different power.

An analytical approach is presented to evaluate the impact of polarization mode dispersion on average bit error rate (BER) performance an intensity modulated direct detection (IM-DD) optical transmission system considering Maxwellian distribution for differential group delay (DGD). The results show that IM-DD suffers power penalty 0.27 dB, 0.45 dB and 2.4 corresponding mean DGD 20 ps, 35 ps 40 respectively at a BER 10^-9 operating 10 Gb/s. Furthermore, increased values there occur...

Ships that use hydrofoils, or foils, are themselves called hydrofoil boats. Hydrofoils can lift a boat's hull clear of the water as speed increases, and resultant reduction in drag yields higher speeds without expending more horsepower. The objectives this paper to finite volume method simulate turbulent flow around two-dimensional hydrofoils using non-orthogonal body-fitted grid. To analyze OpenFOAM ANSYS Fluent, typical k-ε turbulence model is adopted wall functions utilized connect...

This study seeks to find out how investigative reporting was portrayed in Bangladeshi print media during the early stages of coronavirus pandemic. applied content analysis method examine reports (N=58), followed by a quantitative and thematic approach assess state journalism practice Bangladesh. The findings this revealed that theme crime health-related issues has received highest attention reports. Some investigation focused primarily on COVID-19 related issues, with medical equipment...

An analytical approach is presented to evaluate the impact of polarization mode dispersion on average bit error rate (BER) performance a intensity modulated direct detection (IM-DD) optical transmission system considering Maxwellian distribution for differential group delay (DGD). The results show that an IM-DD suffers power penalty 0.27 dB, 0.45 dB and 2.4 corresponding mean DGD 20 ps, 35 ps 40 respectively at BER 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"...

Carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRP) to repair and strengthen the steel I-beam has been increasingly used since last decade. CFRP composites bonded members offer many advantages over plate bonding including excellent corrosion resistance, high stiffness strength weight ratios etc. This study numerically investigates fatigue performance of strengthened I-beam. One non-strengthened control beam several beams using plates strips were investigated primarily. The effect slenderness web on...

Abstract This research work conveys the computationally investigation of Hafnium (IV) oxide and its doped crystals by Si, Ge Sn atom replacing on oxygen in HfO 2 . As has been used power-electronics devices MOSFETs electronics as RRAM due to wide band gap which makes a vast problems creating high resistance. Regarding this case, selected inputs how reduced after doping large surface area atoms, such Sn. The lattice parameters bandgaps were calculated with Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof (PBE),...