A four-component blend comprising pear ester, DMNT, linalool oxide, and acetic acid (CM4K) was identified as a potent allelochemical lure for both sexes of codling moth (CM), Cydia pomonella (L.). Studies conducted from 2020 to 2022 in Washington State (USA) examined factors which could impact the lure’s relative performance. The CM4K effective across range mating disruption programs equally attractive monitoring wild sterile CM. remained at least 10 weeks. Total catch traps baited with...

Studies evaluated blends of the pear-derived kairomone ethyl (E, Z)-2,4-decadienoate and codlemone, loaded in gray halobutyl septa, as attractants for adult codling moth, Cydia pomonella L. were conducted apple orchards, Malus domestica Borkhausen, treated with or without sex pheromone dispensers mating disruption (MD). Septa either one both compounds at rates 0.0, 0.3, 3.0 mg pear ester 0.0 codlemone first series tests. Traps baited a 3.0/3.0-mg blend caught significantly more males total...

Abstract Traps baited with either ethyl ( E , Z )-2,4-decadienoate (pear ester) or )- 8,10- dodecadien-1-ol (codlemone) (Pherocon® CM-DA™ and Megalure CM™ lures, respectively) were used to develop action thresholds for codling moth Cydia pomonella (L.)) in apple Malus domestica Borkh.; Rosaceae) orchards treated sex pheromones control of this pest. Studies conducted 102 500–1000 ISOMATE®-C PLUS dispensers per hectare during 2000–2002. Pairs traps placed within two 1.0-ha plots each orchard....

During 1987-1988 replicated 0.3-ha plots of apple and pear were used to measure the efficacy sex pheromone-mediated mating disruption codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.). Comparisons fruit injury made between pheromone-treated untreated either with or without releases field-collected moths. In IH87, one moth per tree was released twice during season in two orchards total ranged from 7.0 21.2%. Levels pheromonetreated 1.0-4.0%. 1988, five trees three times no moths plots. Seasonal ranges...

Pesticide resistance among arthropods poses a severe threat to agricultural productivity in the United States and other areas of world. While humans have had ingenuity develop thousands pesticides protect foodstuffs, livestock, health, use these poisons h as triggered rapid evolutionary response many target species some nontarget invertebrates, microorganisms, higher plants, vertebrates. Exposure has led genetic selection for individuals with biochemistry or behavior necessary nullify their...

Studies were conducted with codling moth, Cydia pomonella L., to evaluate the mating status of male and female moths in apple, Malus domestica (Borkhausen), orchards treated without sex pheromone dispensers. Laboratory studies first examined effect multiple on fecundity egg fertility. Females that had mated three times a significantly higher than singly moths. Sequential by no or However, moth age did impact fecundity, fewer eggs laid after virgin 1- versus 3-d-old males. The mean size...

Abstract Studies of moth pests (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) pome fruit in Washington State, USA, evaluated the addition low‐intensity light‐emitting diode (LED) lights to traps baited with sex pheromone or kairomone lures. Species included codling (CM), Cydia pomonella (L.), oriental (OFM), Grapholita molesta (Busck), oblique banded leafroller (OBLR), Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris), and eye‐spotted budmoth (ESBM), Spilonota ocellana (Denis Schiffenmüller). Lures ( E,E )‐8,10‐dodecadien‐1‐ol...

Abstract Studies of oriental fruit moth (OFM), Grapholita molesta (Busck), and codling (CM), Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), both important pests pome fruit, evaluated the addition low‐intensity light‐emitting diode (LED) to delta traps baited with 3 commercial monitoring lures. were conducted in 9 orchards treated without sex pheromone mating disruption for one or species. OFM was monitored a two‐part pheromone/kairomone lure (OFM Combo Dual), while CM either kairomone (CM...

The aim of this study was to descriptively characterize the ophthalmic findings identified in 43 adult sloth bears (Melursus ursinus) rescued from dancing bear trade India and examined at two rehabilitation centers Agra Bannerghatta nr. Bangalore. Animals were selected where ocular disease suspected except for which while anesthetized other reasons (fight wound, health check). Full examinations undertaken under general anesthesia. Ocular ultrasonography, electroretinography, photography also...

Abstract The use of the timing moth catch in traps to predict start egg hatch by first-generation codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.), apple, Malus domestica Borkh. (Rosaceae), was evaluated with ethyl ( E , Z )-2,4-decadienoate (pear ester) and )-8,10-dodecadien-1-ol (codlemone) lures. Two sets paired baited either lure were placed each seven orchards checked daily during spring flight 2000 2001. Rearing field-collected eggs sampling fruit for injury used estimate date first hatch. Moth...

Studies were conducted with codling moth, Cydia pomonella L., to fit cumulative curves for the occurrence of injured fruits and male moth catches in sex pheromone-baited traps as a function accumulated degree-days after start flight. Twelve data sets collected from seven apple, Malus domestica Bordhausen, orchards Washington State 2003 2006. Cumulative grouped across years either treated pheromone dispensers or untreated logistic equations both first second generation. No significant...

Abstract The impact of multiple applications the kaolin-based particle film M96-018 on population density selected pests apple, Malus domestica (Borkh) (Rosaceae), and their natural enemy populations were measured in several Washington State orchards from 1997 to 1999. Densities western tentiform leafminer, Phyllonorycter elmaella (Doganlar Mutuura) (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae), significantly higher percent parasitism was generally lower treated plots than untreated plots. effect green...

Studies were conducted during the period 2019/2020 to evaluate effectiveness of four lures for codling moth (Cydia pomonella L.) in pome fruits Italy and USA. Multi-component blends sex pheromone ((E,E)-8,10-dodecadien-1-ol, PH), pear ester ((E,Z)-2,4-ethyl decadienoate, PE), (E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene (DMNT), pyranoid linalool oxide (6-ethenyl-2,2,6-trimethyloxan-3-ol, LOX) loaded either a halobutyl elastomer septum or PVC matrix always used combination with acetic acid (AA) closed...

A new passive trap, constructed of rigid, clear plastic panes (0.3 m by 0.3 m), coated with an STP Oil Treatment film as adhesive, was developed for monitoring codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.), movement within and between orchard canopies.Tests showed that the trap effective in recapturing released moth adults, adhesive not attractive to moths, still after remaining on a 1 wk field.Field experiments demonstrated pane-trap method is efficient catching moths molasses-baited traps but it less...

ISHS VI International Symposium on Computer Modelling in Fruit Research and Orchard Management MODELING THE IMPACT OF A SEX PHEROMONE/KAIROMONE ATTRACTICIDE FOR MANAGEMENT CODLING MOTH (CYDIA POMONELLA)

The influence of trap placement on catches codling moth, Cydia pomonella L., was examined in a series studies conducted orchards treated with Isomate-C Plus sex pheromone dispensers. Mark-recapture tests sterilized moths released along the interface pairs and untreated apple pear plots found that significantly more male but not female were recaptured interception traps placed plots. In second test, higher numbers wild caught versus within heavily infested orchard. highest interior edge Trap...

The efficacy of combining insecticides with a microencapsulated formulation ethyl (2E,4Z)-2,4-decadienoate (pear ester, PE-MEC) was evaluated in walnuts, Juglans regia L., for codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), and navel orangeworm, Amyelois transitella Walker (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae). Two types studies were conducted to compare the use without PE-MEC. In first study, PE-MEC combination reduced rates insecticides, including chlorpyrifos, phosmet, methoxyfenozide,...

Field studies tested the use of lure-baited traps for female removal (FR) codling moth, Cydia pomonella L. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in apple, Malus domestica Borkhausen, treated with sex pheromone-based mating disruption (MD-FR).Four lures were evaluated, including combination (E,Z)-2,4-ethyl decadienoate (pear ester, PE), (E)-4,8dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene (DMNT), and 6-ethenyl-2,2,6-trimethyloxan-3-ol (pyranoid linalool oxide, LOX), these three components (E,E)-8,10-dodecadien-1-ol (PH),...

Field studies were conducted from 1992 to 1996 select the most effective sex pheromone blend for mating disruption of obliquebanded leafroller, Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris), in tree fruit orchards Washington. Dispensers loaded with a 2-component blend, ( Z )-11-tetradecen-1-yl (Z11-14:OAc) and E (E11-14:OAc), 3-component that included addition )-11-tetradecenal (Z11-14:Ald), 4-component also including )-11-tetradecen-1-ol (Z11-14:OH) compared within 0.1-ha orchard plots 100-m 2 field...