A number of self-report psychopathy scales have been used successfully in both clinical and nonclinical settings. However, their factor structure does not adequately capture the four factors (Interpersonal, Affective, Lifestyle, Antisocial) recently identified Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R; Hare, 2003) related measures. This deficit was addressed by upgrading Self Report Scale (SRP-II; Hemphill, & Harpur, 1989). In Study 1 (N = 249), an exploratory analysis this experimental version...

Despite much research, skepticism remains over the possibility of profiling scholastic cheaters. However, several relevant predictor variables and newer diagnostic tools have been overlooked. We remedy this deficit with a series three studies. Study 1 was large-scale survey broad range personality predictors self-reported cheating. Significant included Dark Triad (Machiavellianism, narcissism, psychopathy) as well low agreeableness conscientiousness. Only psychopathy remained significant in...

There is widespread concern that deviant sexual fantasies promote corresponding behaviors. The authors investigated whether valid in nonoffender samples. Self-reports of nine and behaviors were compared two samples male undergraduates. In Study 1, 95% respondents reported experiencing at least one sexually fantasy, 74% engaging behavior. correlations all positive averaged .44. However, only 38% the high-fantasy group acting out fantasies. effect pornography use on was partially mediated by...

A leading cause of security breaches is a basic human vulnerability: our susceptibility to deception. Hackers exploit this vulnerability by sending phishing emails that induce users click on malicious links then download malware or trick the victim into revealing personal confidential information hacker. Past research has focused generic individually targeted spear-phishing emails. This study addresses how contextualization for groups impacts their phishing. We manipulated framing and...

Criminal justice researchers and agencies often look to empirical reviews meta-analyses when evaluating offender risk instruments. However, variations in meta-analytical methods can influence the interpretation of statistical findings, resulting potentially misleading conclusions. Through our re-examination a meta-analysis by Singh, Grann, Fazel ( 2011 ), we outline common methodological problems that may occur demonstrate how alternative interpretations might be derived. We conclude...

This study examined Italian and U.S. children's performance on the English versions, respectively, of Cognitive Assessment System (CAS; Naglieri & Conway, 2009; Das, 1997), a test based neurocognitive theory intelligence entitled PASS (Planning, Attention, Simultaneous, Successive; 1997; Otero, 2011). CAS subtest, scales, Full Scale scores for (N=809) (N=1,174) samples, matched by age gender, were examined. Multigroup confirmatory factor analysis results supported configural invariance...

This study extends prior social cognitive career theory research by using discovery methods to examine factors that (a) facilitate and hinder first-year students’ adjustment engineering majors (b) inform their self-efficacy beliefs outcome expectations regarding pursuit of careers. Participant responses a series open-ended questions were coded interpreted content analysis consensual qualitative methods. Participants reported experiencing several types academic, social, financial hurdles...

Do foreign students affect the likelihood that domestic obtain a STEM degree and occupation? Using administrative student records from US university, we exploit idiosyncratic variation in share of classmates introductory math classes find displace majors occupations. However, displaced gravitate toward high-earning social science majors, so their expected earnings are not penalized. We explore several mechanisms. Results indicate displacement is concentrated where possess weak English...

Previous research has questioned the educational value of taking introductory courses in psychology. Study 1 confirmed usual null to negative associations between psychology and performance a subsequent course. 2 showed that, after controlling for IQ, there was actually positive association on knowledge pretest, which, turn, positively associated with course performance. Partial correlation analyses suggested that apparent disadvantages are an artifact self-selection. Specifically, although...

Since the 1980s United States has faced growing disinterest and high attrition from STEM majors. Over same period, foreign-born enrollment in U.S. higher education increased steadily. This paper examines whether peers affect likelihood American college students graduate with a major. Using administrative student records large public university California, we exploit idiosyncratic variation share of foreign across introductory math courses taught by professor over time. Results indicate that...

We examined the interrelationships among symptoms related to autism spectrum disorders (ASD) using a large representative sample and clinical groups of children aged 6 11 youth 12 18 years rated by parents ( N = 1,881) or teachers 2,171). The samples included individuals from United States Canada standardization validity studies for Autism Spectrum Rating Scales. A three‐factor solution comprising Social/Communication, Unusual Behaviors, Self‐Regulation provided best fit data was replicated...

We reviewed the current state of literature on intervention‐based development interpersonal skills (e.g., teamwork, leadership) and intrapersonal personality, motivation, etc.) relevant to success in workplace contexts. adopted a multidisciplinary approach our review, evaluating research from 39 reviews meta‐analyses several fields such as educational psychology, industrial/organizational (I/O) medicine, personality among others, examine extent which noncognitive constructs change result...

Since the 1980s United States has faced growing disinterest and high attrition from STEM majors. Over same period, foreign-born enrollment in U.S. higher education increased steadily. This paper examines whether peers affect likelihood American college students graduate with a major. Using administrative student records large public university California, we exploit idiosyncratic variation share of foreign across introductory math courses taught by professor over time. Results indicate that...

Researchers and practitioners in postsecondary workplace settings recognize the value of noncognitive constructs predicting academic vocational success but also perceive that many students or employees are lacking these areas. In turn, there is increased interest interventions designed to enhance constructs. We provide an empirically informed theory change (ToC) describes inputs, mechanisms, outputs construct (NCIs). The components inform this ToC include specific relevant amenable...