Predators often eavesdrop on sexual displays of their prey. These can provide multimodal cues that aid predators, but the benefits in attending to them should depend environmental sensory conditions under which they forage. We assessed whether bats hunting for frogs use locate prey and varies with ambient conditions. used a robotic set-up mimicking display male túngara frog (Physalaemus pustulosus) test assessment by fringe-lipped (Trachops cirrhosus). predatory primarily sound frog's call...

Multiple animal species exhibit morphological asymmetries in male genitalia. In insects, left-right genital evolved many times independently and have been proposed to appear response changes mating position. However, little is known about the relationship between position interaction of female genitalia during mating, functional analyses asymmetric morphologies are virtually non-existent. We investigated position, morphology coupling fruit fly Drosophila pachea, which males possess an pair...

Male genitals have repeatedly evolved left-right asymmetries, and the causes of such evolution remain unclear. The Drosophila nannoptera group contains four species, among which three exhibit asymmetries distinct genital organs. In most studied pachea, males display asymmetric lobes they mate right-sided on top female. Copulation position other species is unknown. To assess whether asymmetry could be linked to one-sided mating, we examined phallus morphology copulation in D. pachea closely...

Male secondary sexual traits often scale allometrically with body size. These allometries can be variable within species and may shift depending on environmental conditions, such as food quality. Such allometric plasticity has been hypothesized to initiate local adaptation evolutionary diversification of scaling relationships, but is under-recorded, its eco-evolutionary effects are not well understood. Here, we tested for in the bulb mite (

Abstract Male secondary sexual traits often scale allometrically with body size. These allometries can be variable within species, and may shift depending on environmental conditions such as food quality. Such allometric plasticity has been hypothesized to initiate local adaptation evolutionary diversification of scaling relationships, but is under-recorded, its eco- effects are not well understood. Here, we test for in the bulb mite ( Rhizoglyphus robini ) which large males tend develop...

Abstract Background Male genitals have repeatedly evolved left-right asymmetries, and the causes of such evolution remain unclear. The Drosophila nannoptera group contains four species, among which three exhibit asymmetries distinct genital organs. In most studied pachea , males display asymmetric lobes they mate right-sided on top female. Copulation position other species is unknown. Results To assess whether asymmetry could be linked to one-sided mating, we examined phallus morphology...

Abstract The timing of maturation, a critical fitness determinant, is influenced by developmental and energetic constraints, particularly when growth poor in adverse conditions. Such constraints can be altered through plasticity. Thus, theory, plasticity energetically costly sexually selected morphologies promote life history flexibility variable environments. We experimentally tested this hypothesis bulb mites (Rhizoglyphus robini) that polyphenically develop as armed fighters with enlarged...

Abstract Condition-dependent expression of alternative male morphs evolves when males different sizes experience mating niches, requiring morphologies. Such niche differentiation can be due to competitive asymmetry between large and small in contests over opportunities. Here, we tested the hypothesis that aggressive interactions among cause size-structured niches an acarid mite with condition-dependent polyphenism: bulb Rhizoglyphus robini . In this species, mature as armed fighters enlarged...