In the past decade, ALMA observations have revealed that a large fraction of protoplanetary discs contains rings in dust continuum. These are locations where pebbles accumulate, which is beneficial for planetesimal formation and subsequent planet assembly. We investigate viability inside trapped by either Gaussian-shape pressure bump or strong backreaction. Planetesimals form at midplane ring via streaming instability. By conducting N-body simulations, we study growth these planetesimals...

Context . Constraining the turbulence level and pebble size in protoplanetary disks is an essential initial step understanding aerodynamic properties of pebbles, which are crucial for planet formation. Recent laboratory experiments have revealed that destructive collisions icy dust particles may occur at much lower velocities than previously believed. These low fragmentation push down maximum grain collisional growth models. Aims Motivated by smooth radial distribution sizes inferred from...

Abstract Current imaging observations of protoplanetary disks using the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) primarily focus on submillimeter wavelength, leaving a gap in effective observational approaches for centimeter-sized dust, which is crucial to issue planet formation. The forthcoming Square Kilometre (SKA) and ngVLA may rectify this deficiency. In paper, we employ multifluid hydrodynamic numerical simulations radiative transfer calculations investigate potential...

Multi-wavelength dust continuum observations of protoplanetary disks are essential for accurately measuring two key ingredients planet formation theories: mass and grain size. Unfortunately, they also extremely time-expensive. Our aim is to investigate the most economic way performing this analysis by identifying optimal combination multi-band angular resolution that provides accurate results. We benchmarked characterization on multi-wavelength a compact disk model with shallow rings, an...

Multi-wavelength dust continuum observations of protoplanetary disks are essential for accurately measuring two key ingredients planets formation theories: the mass and grain size. Unfortunately, they also extremely time-expensive. We aim to investigate most economic way performing this analysis. benchmark characterization analysis on multi-wavelength disk models. test three different combinations bands (in 0.45 mm $\to$ 7.46 range) see how optically thick thin aid reconstruction properties...

Recent ALMA observations have revealed that a large fraction of protoplanetary discs contain bright rings at (sub)millimeter wavelengths. Dust trapping induced by pressure maxima in the gas disc is popular explanation for these rings. However, it unclear whether such bumps can survive evolutionary time-scales disc. In this work, we investigate an alternative scenario, which involves only dust-gas interactions smooth We postulate are manifestation dense, clumpy mid-plane actively forming...

ABSTRACT The traditional paradigm of viscosity-dominated evolution protoplanetary discs has been recently challenged by existence magnetized disc winds. However, distinguishing wind-driven and turbulence-driven accretion through observations difficult. In this study, we present a novel approach to identifying their separate contribution angular momentum transport studying the gap ring morphology planet-forming in ALMA continuum. We model gap-opening process planets with both viscous 2D...

Abstract Recently, the Molecules with ALMA at Planet-forming Scales (MAPS) Large Program reported a high number of line-emission substructures coincident dust rings and gaps in continuum emission, suggesting causal link between these axisymmetric dust-continuum substructures. To test robustness claimed correlation, we compare observed spatial overlap fraction that from null hypothesis, which is assumed to arise random placement Our results reveal there no statistically significant evidence...

Context. Protoplanetary disks, the birthplaces of planets, commonly feature bright rings and dark gaps in both continuum line emission maps. Accreting planets interact with disk, not only through gravity, but also by changing local irradiation elemental abundances, which are essential ingredients for disk chemistry. Aims. We propose that giant planet accretion can leave chemical footprints gas to planet, potentially leads spatial coincidence molecular emissions ALMA observations. Methods....

Current imaging observations of protoplanetary disks using ALMA primarily focus on the sub-millimeter wavelength, leaving a gap in effective observational approaches for centimeter-sized dust, which is crucial to issue planet formation. The forthcoming SKA and ngVLA may rectify this deficiency. In paper, we employ multi-fluid hydrodynamic numerical simulations radiative transfer calculations investigate potential SKA1-Mid, ngVLA, SKA2 at sub-cm/cm wavelengths. We create mock images with...

ABSTRACT Up to date, only 13 firmly established triple microlensing events have been discovered, so the occurrence rates of two-planet systems and planets in binary are still uncertain. With upcoming space-based surveys, hundreds will be detected. To provide clues for future observations statistical analyses, we initiate a project investigate detectability triple-lens with different configurations observational set-ups. As first step, this work develop simulation software scaled...

The traditional paradigm of viscosity-dominated evolution protoplanetary discs has been recently challenged by magnetized disc winds. However, distinguishing wind-driven and turbulence-driven accretion through observations difficult. In this study, we present a novel approach to identifying their separate contribution angular momentum transport studying the gap ring morphology planet-forming in ALMA continuum. We model gap-opening process planets with both viscous 2D multi-fluid...

Protoplanetary disks, the birthplaces of planets, commonly feature bright rings and dark gaps in both continuum line emission maps. Accreting planets are interacting with disk, not only through gravity, but also by changing local irradiation elemental abundances, which essential ingredients for disk chemistry. We propose that giant planet accretion can leave chemical footprints gas to planet, potentially leads spatial coincidence molecular emissions ALMA observation. Through 2D multi-fluid...

Recent laboratory experiments have revealed that destructive collisions of icy dust particles may occur at much lower velocities than previously believed. These low fragmentation push down the maximum grain size in collisional growth models. Motivated by smooth radial distribution pebble sizes inferred from ALMA/VLA multi-wavelength continuum analysis, we propose a concise model to explain this feature and aim constrain turbulence level midplane protoplanetary disks. Our approach is built on...

In the past decade, ALMA observations have revealed that a large fraction of protoplanetary discs contains rings in dust continuum. These are locations where pebbles accumulate, which is beneficial for planetesimal formation and subsequent planet assembly. We investigate viability inside trapped by either Gaussian-shape pressure bump or strong backreaction. Planetesimals form at midplane ring via streaming instability. By conducting N-body simulations, we study growth these planetesimals...

Up to date, only 13 firmly established triple microlensing events have been discovered, so the occurrence rates of two-planet systems and planets in binary are still uncertain. With upcoming space-based surveys, hundreds will be detected. To provide clues for future observations statistical analyses, we initiate a project investigate detectability triple-lens with different configurations observational setups. As first step, this work develop simulation software scaled Sun-Jupiter-Saturn...

Terahertz waves, with the advantages of strong penetrability and low damaging, can be applied to develop non-destructive testing (NDT), security detection medical imaging. As a vacuum electronic radiation source high-power, long-pulse terahertz gyrotron therefore has great potential in transmission imaging NDT. A system based on cold cathode is designed this paper. In system, wave higher-order mode generated by converted quasi-optical Gaussian beam converter, which then passes through object...