We report the experimental demonstration of femtosecond electron diffraction using high-brightness MeV beams. High-quality, single-shot patterns for both polycrystalline aluminum and single-crystal 1T-TaS2 are obtained utilizing a 5 fC (∼3 × 104 electrons) pulse electrons at 2.8 MeV. The high quality confirms that beam has normalized emittance ∼50 nm rad. transverse longitudinal coherence length is ∼11 ∼2.5 nm, respectively. timing jitter between pump laser probe was found to be ∼100 fs...

Several kinds of acrylic-acid-grafted-starch (starch/AAc) hydrogels were prepared at room temperature (27°C) by applying 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 kGy gamma radiation to 15% AAc aqueous solutions containing 7.5, starch. With increment the dose, gel fraction became higher attained maximum (96.5%) 15 kGy, above which got lowered. On other hand, monotonically increased with starch content. Swelling ratios lower for starch/AAc gamma-ray doses so larger contents. Significant promotions swelling...

A directed caterpillar-like motion of self-assembled colloidal chains is achieved in electrohydrodynamic convective domains a nematic liquid crystal.

ABSTRACT Pectin‐[(3‐acrylamidopropyl) trimethylammonium chloride‐ co ‐acrylic acid] hydrogel has been prepared from the aqueous blend solution of pectin, (3‐acrylamidopropyl) chloride (APTAC), and acrylic acid (AAc) by applying gamma radiation different doses (1–25 kGy) 60 Co source. The hydrogels were characterized equilibrium swelling, Fourier transform infrared, differential scanning calorimetry, electron microscopy. used in multielement adsorption it was found that pectin‐(APTAC‐ ‐AAc)...

The electrohydrodynamic pattern forming instability (EHC) driven by an ac voltage applied to a homeotropically aligned nematic liquid crystal layer is experimentally studied near onset. By controlling external magnetic field, many different scenarios become accessible. For finite fields various regular convective structures are observed, which we call, for example, wavy, chain, and bamboo-chevron patterns. types documented with the help of phase diagram governed frequency strength voltage....

Self-diffusion coefficients of the oxygen ion in a ThO2 single crystal were determined temperature range 845–1646°C by gas–solid isotopic exchange technique using 18O as tracer. The self-diffusion higher represented D=5.73×10−2 exp(−49.9×103/RT) cm2/sec and interpreted to be for intrinsic diffusion due Frenkel-type defects. Those lower D=1.00×10−6 exp(−17.6×103/RT) extrinsic diffusion. By these data, it was elucidated that charge carrier ionic conduction ion. Activation energies permeation...

The experimental study of electroconvection in a homeotropically aligned nematic (MBBA) is reported. system undergoes supercritical bifurcation ``rest state-spatiotemporal chaos.'' chaos caused by long-wavelength modulation the orientation convective rolls. For first time observations both below and beyond Lifshitz point are accompanied quantitative analysis temporal autocorrelation functions turbulent modes. dependence correlation on control parameter obtained. A secondary from normal to...

A detailed and practical chip organization of Bloch line memory is proposed on the basis preliminary experiments computer simulations. The major - minor loop composed two levels zigzag conductors to propagate bubbles (major line) stripe domain walls surrounding grooved region where epitaxial garnet layer completely etched (minor loops). film thickness chosen as one half usual bubble chip, which reduces magneto-static attractive force between pairs, preferable for potential well generation...

The ability to control oxide nanowires via vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) mechanism remains an important challenge explore various applications of nanowires. Here we demonstrate the crucial roles surrounding oxygen on VLS grown SnO2 When partial pressure is relatively low, mainly acts as source, promoting growth. While for high pressures, vapor-solid (VS) growth emerges, suppressing nanowire findings inherent competition between and VS growths are in principle rather universal oxides.

The photoinduced structural dynamics in 2H-TaSe2 the charge-density wave (CDW) state is investigated using MeV ultrafast electron diffraction. By simultaneously tracking both melting of periodic lattice distortion (PLD) associated with CDW and heating, following an impulsive photoexcitation, separate contributions electronic excitation thermalization to process are disentangled time domain. Two distinct time-constants, reflecting corresponding individual subsystems, observed. Our...

Ultraweak biophoton emission originates from the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that are produced in mitochondria as by-products cellular respiration. In healthy cells, concentration ROS is minimized by a system biological antioxidants. However, heat shock changes equilibrium between oxidative stress and antioxidant activity, is, rapid rise temperature induces ROS. Although rate intensity was observed to increase response elevated temperatures, pretreatment at lower high...

The objective of the work is to synthesize pectin-N, N-Dimethylacrylamide (DMAA) hydrogel by gamma radiation without using any initiators and cross-linking agents. Effect doses on gel fraction equilibrium swelling as a function pH were studied, 5 kGy dose was found be optimum for synthesis. grafting /crosslinking investigated Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Thermal properties surface morphology studied differential scanning calorimetry electron microscopy. To study drug release...

We report on chevrons (herringbonelike patterns) observed in homeotropically aligned liquid crystals with high electric conductivity. focus our attention two types of the conduction regime. The threshold voltage and characteristic double periodicity (i.e., short wavelength ${\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{1}$ striated rolls long ${\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{2}$ chevron bands) have been measured as functions applied frequency f. With aid a crossed polarizer set, we have, addition, determined director...

Glycoprotein C (gC) of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a receptor for the complement component C3B. We have previously isolated HSV-1 gC− strains (TN1, TN2 and TN3) from patient with recurrent keratitis at three different times. These are very rare isolates because gC was thought to be essential in vivo. To determine whether modifies interaction cell-free or virus-infected cells, we constructed gC+ recombinant viruses which intact gene strain KOS inserted into TN1 genome. inactivated...

Azimuthally varying axial magnetic fields have been utilized to perform "magnetic priming" of magnetrons for rapid startup, low noise, and mode control. An overview the latest priming experimental simulation results are presented in this paper. Magnetic experiments dc-operating microwave oven show sideband elimination, even with cathode heater turned off. Simulations using three three-dimensional (3-D) improved concurrent electromagnetic particle-in-cell (ICEPIC) codes two different...

A kind of electrohydrodynamic instability, the prewavy in nematic liquid crystals is reported. The characteristic instability was optically investigated and discussed comparison with some similar instabilities. Obviously partially shows an isotropic feature around nematic-isotropic transition temperature. Owing to properties flow spatial periodicity, it should be distinguished from a previously proposed instability.

A phase diagram and several physical quantities related to an isomorphous transition are studied on the basis of a Landau-type free energy function. Relationship with two-sublattice model including asymmetric double minimum potential is discussed.

In a novel Bloch line memory, vertical lines (VBL) in the stripe domain wall are used as information carriers, instead of bubble domain. Fundamental behaviors experimentally observed on garnet film supporting 5 μm domains. functions comprise VBL conversion to domain, injection into head and replication at The VBLs found propagate along by using gyrotropic force induced motion.

Charged wall formation mechanism at the contiguous disk bubble propagation pattern edges are investigated by using various kinds of garnet epitaxial layers with in-plane magnetization. walls were observed only in magnetization layer stress-induced negative uniaxial anistropy energy. A model is proposed to explain charged ion-implanted drive layer. It suggested that, order for be held edge, compressive lattice stress relief edge necessary, when magnetostriction constant λ111 negative.