This paper proposed an improved phase disposition pulse width modulation (PDPWM) for a modular multilevel inverter which is used Photovoltaic grid connection. new method based on selective virtual loop mapping, to achieve dynamic capacitor voltage balance without the help of extra compensation signal. The concept submodule (VSM) first established, and by changing mapping relationships between VSMs real submodules, voltages upper/lower arm's capacitors can be well balanced. does not requiring...

This paper presents an improved phase disposition pulsewidth modulation (PWM) (PDPWM) for the modular multilevel converter (MMC) which is based on selective loop bias mapping (SLBM) method. Its main idea to change of PDPWM carrier wave cycling according balance situation system. new method can operate at symmetric condition generate output voltage with as many 2N + 1 levels, and by SLBM, voltages upper/lower arm capacitors be well balanced. Compared phase-shifted PWM, this more easily...

A particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm-based staircase modulation strategy for modular multilevel converters (MMC) is proposed. To reduce switching losses and device stress, the method has been adopted in high-voltage high-power energy conversion applications. In particular, selection of appropriate iterative initial values angles a significant step to realize modulated MMC. The proposed able find optimum angles, while it advantages global quadratic convergence, which benefit from PSO...

This article proposes a new finite control set model predictive (FCS-MPC) strategy that simultaneously evaluates two targeting objectives including speed and currents in single cost function, achieving high-performance single-closed-loop structure. Besides, aiming at the calculation delay problem of controllers, novel compensation method by predicting current variation within time is proposed. In this article, an improved machine especially designed for multiobjective FCS-MPC operation...

Dual-active-bridge (DAB) enabled dc microgrids stabilization is investigated in this article. DAB has two control objectives: load current regulation and the dc-bus voltage stabilization. In multiobjective applications, conventional proportional integrator (PI)-based controllers face challenges loop coordination. The saturation of loops largely deteriorate performance. Moreover, system impedance to be measured before designing active damping control. article, a moving discretized set—model...

Extensive solutions have been proposed to damp <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">LCL</i> filter resonance. However, the time delay caused by computation and modulation process aggravates complexity of current loop analysis. In this article, a generalized virtual impedance model for six kinds commonly used active damping methods is proposed, physical meaning established introducing metric "damping factor." To ensure system...

Wearable smart membranes applied in fabrics as a functional core layer, featuring high ultraviolet (UV) resistance, ease of breathability, and desirable waterproof performances, have received much attention. However, using facile environmentally friendly process to design such versatile protective materials that satisfactory comprehensive performances has turned out be tremendous challenge not yet been reported. Herein, we report simple high-efficiency strategy fabricate breathable with...

This article investigates the water jacket and slot optimization of a water-cooling permanent magnet synchronous in-wheel motor. The consists improvements heat dissipation dissipation. In order to reduce temperature difference between wall, impact configuration parameters shapes are theoretically studied. According researches, method for is proposed. A thermal model established optimize behavior in slots. variations performances with impregnation materials analyzed. On basis analysis, this...

In the past decade, extensive active damping solutions based on state variable feedback have been proposed to damp <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">LCL</i> resonance. this letter, an innovative control strategy, which can achieve overcurrent protection, injected power control, and at same time, is with inverter-side current only. Moreover, avoid mathematical limitations when solving characteristic roots of a third-order system,...

A single-phase cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter for a grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) system with nonactive power compensation is presented in this paper. To maximize the solar energy extraction of each PV string, an individual maximum point tracking (MPPT) control scheme applied, which allows independent dc-link voltage. generalized theory applied to generate current reference. Within inverter's capability, local consumption provided realize factor correction. modular prototype has...

A modulation reconfiguration based fault-tolerant method is proposed for the modular multilevel converter (MMC) system. practical to reconfigure reference sine wave from point of view that output line-to-line voltages should be guaranteed well regulated and not vary. Voltage balancing sub-module capacitors achieved while using carrier rotation algorithm multicarrier pulse width modulation. Experimental results obtained laboratory system verified validity reliability control in MMC application.

In this paper, a third harmonic injection sinusoidal pulsewidth modulation (THISPWM) method based on alternating carrier polarity (ACP) is proposed for three-phase PWM inverter. Compared with the space vector (SVPWM), THISPWM has advantage of lower low-frequency common mode voltage (CMV). However, phase injected must be strictly synchronous reference voltage. The synchronization will cause difficulty generation. First, relationship between and inverter output analyzed to obtain real-time...

This article innovatively proposes a numerical weighting factor handling strategy for the permanent magnet synchronous machine finite control set (FCS) model predictive torque (MPTC) method based on state normalization (SN) and variable sensitivity balance. First, both static dynamic reasons as to why factors in relation flux are essential an FCS-MPTC controller analyzed at length. Then, order eliminate differences between properties of two targeting variables, SN scheme is applied system....

For brushless dc motor operating at ideal commutation point, the angle of phase current vector will lag behind that back electromotive force (EMF) due to inductance. The increases root-mean-square (rms) value under a certain average torque output, which results in more heat and less efficiency, especially high rotational velocity. principle is equal EMF center conduction sector analyzed. A novel advance compensation method for point proposed based on principle. calculated real time according...

The stability problem induced by constant power loads (CPLs) is becoming more prominent in electric aircraft. In this article, the stabilization issue of dc distribution bus with dual-active-bridge (DAB) converters was investigated. On basis voltage regulation, an active damping solution based on model predictive control (MPC) proposed explicitly incorporating a term into cost function. solution, to ensure output performance smaller steady-state error and dynamic overshoot, adaptive...

This paper presents an analytical method for the calculation of iron losses in a spoke-type permanent magnet synchronous in-wheel motor. According to magnetic field distribution, cores are divided into tooth, yoke, bridge, and shoe. Based on boundary conditions subdomain model, bridge is equivalent fan-shaped region with constant permeability. Then, no-load on-load fields air gap, shoe analytically calculated. The impacts slotting saturation considered. On basis expression fields, obtained...

Automated guided vehicle (AGV) is used widely in many industrial applications to transport materials. A long-travel material system designed and controlled this paper for a unit load AGV transfer the pallet from stand back, including both-side three-level push-pull load-transfer mechanism programmable logic controller (PLC). follows path of magnetic tapes floor, locates itself according RFID tags beside stand. The PLC detects docking position stand, controls horizontal vertical movement by...

This paper discusses the active and reactive power control method for a modular multilevel converter (MMC) based grid-connected PV system. The voltage vector space analysis is performed by using average value models feasibility of compensation (RPC). proposed double-loop strategy enables system to handle unidirectional flow bidirectional flow. Experiments have been on laboratory-scaled inverter. experimental results verify correctness strategy.

This paper investigates the thermal design and optimization of a water-cooling permanent magnet synchronous in-wheel motor (PMSIWM). The consists improvements water jacket heat dissipation slot dissipation. In order to reduce temperature difference between wall, impact shape is theoretically studied. According researches, method for proposed. A model established optimize behavior in slots. variations performances with impregnation materials analyzed. On basis analysis, this presents...