A5006791605- HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- HIV/AIDS Impact and Responses
- Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health
- HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk
- Healthcare Systems and Reforms
- Chronic Disease Management Strategies
- Global Public Health Policies and Epidemiology
- Reproductive tract infections research
- Global Maternal and Child Health
- Cervical Cancer and HPV Research
- Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
- Malaria Research and Control
- HIV Research and Treatment
- Primary Care and Health Outcomes
- Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life
- Poverty, Education, and Child Welfare
- Syphilis Diagnosis and Treatment
- Mobile Health and mHealth Applications
- Mosquito-borne diseases and control
- Healthcare Policy and Management
- Parasites and Host Interactions
- HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment
- Digital Mental Health Interventions
- ICT in Developing Communities
- Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia detection and treatment
World Bank
2014-2024
World Bank Group
2014-2023
Centre for Sight
2002-2005
London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine
2001
Ifakara Health Institute
1998-1999
National Institute for Medical Research
1999
Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute
1999
HIV prevalence worldwide among people who inject drugs (PWID) is around 19%. Harm reduction for PWID includes needle-syringe programs (NSPs) and opioid substitution therapy (OST) but often coupled with antiretroviral (ART) living HIV. Numerous studies have examined the effectiveness of each harm strategy. This commentary discusses evidence packages services their cost-effectiveness respect to HIV-related outcomes as well estimate resources required meet global regional coverage targets. NSPs...
Background Differentiated antiretroviral therapy (ART) delivery models, in which patients are provided with care relevant to their current status (e.g., newly initiating, stable on treatment, or unstable treatment) has become an essential part of patient-centered health systems. In 2015, the South African government implemented Chronic Disease Adherence Guidelines (AGLs), involved five interventions: Fast Track Initiation Counseling for initiating patients, Enhanced unsuppressed viral load,...
Optima is a software package for modeling HIV epidemics and interventions that we developed to address practical policy program problems encountered by funders, governments, health planners, implementers. Optima's key feature its ability perform resource optimization meet strategic objectives, including HIV-related financial commitment projections economic assessments. Specifically, allows users choose set of objectives (such as minimizing new infections, deaths, and/or long-term...
The relationship between age and various malariological indices in the Kilombero valley of Tanzania were examined by compiling data from 6 different community studies carried out 1989 1996. rate acquisition Plasmodium falciparum infection was highest children 1-5 years age, while recovery rates lowest first birthday early adolescence. As a result, peak prevalence reached 3-5 old children. However, clinical malaria (estimated excess risk axillary temperatures > or = 37.5 degrees C...
Background: South Africa provides free antiretroviral therapy for almost 5 million people living with HIV, but only 71% of the eligible are on treatment, representing a shortfall in care cascade, especially among men and youth. Many developing countries have expanded access to smartphones; success health apps raises possibility improving this cascade. Objective: SmartLink is app Android smartphones providing HIV-related laboratory results, information, support, appointment reminders engage...
In HIV treatment program, gaps in the "cascade of care" where patients are lost between diagnosis, laboratory evaluation, initiation, and retention care, is a well-described challenge. Growing access to internet-enabled mobile phones has led an interest using technology improve patient engagement with health care.The objectives this trial were: (1) assess whether phone-enabled app could provide test results, (2) better understand implementation such intervention, (3) determine effectiveness...
Initial global-level estimates reported in June 2020 by the World Health Organization suggested that levels of disruption to TB service delivery could be as high 25%-50% and result an additional 6·3 million cases tuberculosis (TB) 1·4 TB-related deaths attributable COVID-19 between 2025. Quarterly epidemiological programmatic data capturing each were collected National Programmes Indonesia, Kyrgyzstan, Malawi, Mozambique, Peru. Data from 2019, for a pre-COVID-19 baseline, throughout 2020,...
Empirical studies and population-level policy simulations show the importance of voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) in generalized epidemics. This paper complements available scenario-based (projecting costs outcomes over some period, typically spanning decades) by adopting an incremental approach-analyzing expected consequences circumcising one individual with specific characteristics a year. approach yields more precise estimates VMMC's cost-effectiveness identifies current...
Abstract Introduction In 2014, the South African government adopted a differentiated service delivery (DSD) model in its “National Adherence Guidelines for Chronic Diseases (HIV, TB and NCDs)” (AGL) to strengthen HIV care cascade. We describe barriers facilitators of AGL implementation as experienced by various stakeholders eight intervention control sites across four districts. Methods Embedded within cluster‐randomized evaluation AGL, we conducted 48 in‐depth interviews (IDIs) with...
In response to suboptimal adherence and retention, South Africa's National Department of Health developed implemented Adherence Guidelines for Chronic Diseases. We evaluated the effect a package interventions beginning in January 2016 report on impact Fast-Track Treatment Initiation Counselling (FTIC) ART initiation, retention.We conducted cluster-randomized mixed-methods evaluation 4 provinces at 12 intervention sites which FTIC control facilities providing standard care. Follow-up was by...
We describe CD4 count recovery among HIV positive individuals who initiated antiretroviral therapy (ART) with and without severe immune suppression using complete laboratory data from South Africa's national treatment programme between 2010 2014 discuss implications for monitoring.Retrospective analysis of routinely collected National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS). A probabilistic record linkage algorithm was used to create a cohort ART based on timing viral load measurements. < 50...
A randomized controlled trial of insecticide-treated bed nets (ITNs) was conducted in an area high malaria transmission Tanzania order to assess the effects ITNs on infection and anaemia. One hundred twenty-two children, aged 5 24 months, were randomly allocated 2 groups, one which received ITNs. Outcome measures assessed 6 consecutive months with monthly cross-sectional surveys. These haemoglobin values, Plasmodium falciparum prevalence density, multiplicity determined by polymerase chain...
Abstract Background Diabetes is one of the leading causes poor health and high care costs in Ukraine. To prevent diabetes complications alleviate financial burden on patients, Ukrainian government reimburses medication provides glucose monitoring, but there are significant gaps continuum. We estimate providing most cost-effective ways to address these Poltava region Methods gathered data unit interventions estimated expenditure care. optimal combination facility-based outreach screening...
Introduction In 2016, South Africa’s National Department of Health (NDOH) launched the Adherence Guidelines for Chronic Diseases phased implementation throughout Africa. Early a ‘minimum package’ eight interventions in patients with HIV is being undertaken at 12 primary health clinics and community centres four provinces. NDOH its partners are evaluating impact five provinces Methods analysis The minimum package delivered facilities under guidance through local authorities. evaluation are:...
Abstract Background As loss from HIV care is an ongoing challenge globally, interventions are needed for patients who don't achieve or maintain ART stability. The 2015 South African National Adherence Guidelines ( AGL ) Chronic Diseases include two targeted at unstable patients: early tracing of miss visits TRIC and enhanced adherence counselling EAC ). Methods part a cluster‐randomised evaluation 12 intervention control clinics in four provinces, sites implemented the interventions, while...
Abstract Introduction In 2014, city leaders from around the world endorsed Paris Declaration on Fast‐Track Cities, pledging to achieve 2020 and 2030 HIV targets championed by UNAIDS . The City of Johannesburg – one South Africa's metropolitan municipalities also a health district has over 600,000 people living with ( PLHIV ), more than any other worldwide. We estimate what it would take in terms programmatic costs for meet targets, demonstrate impact that this have. Methods applied Optima...
The rates of acquisition and loss individual genotypes belonging to the FC27 family Plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface protein 2 (msp2) gene were studied in 120 children aged 5 months 2.5 years, a randomized controlled trial insecticide-treated bed nets (ITNs) Kiberege village, Tanzania. Analysis longitudinal changes positivity for alleles samples collected at intervals one month indicated that average duration infections, allowing undetected parasite genotypes, was 73 d those < 18 160...
Abstract Introduction South Africa’s National Department of Health launched the Adherence Guidelines for Chronic Diseases in 2015. These guidelines include adherence clubs (AC) and decentralized medication delivery (DMD) as two differentiated models care stable HIV patients on antiretroviral therapy. While do not suggest that provider costs (costs to healthcare system medications, laboratory tests visits clinics or alternative locations) these will be lower than conventional, clinic‐based...