The integration and connection of habitats in protected areas (PAs) are essential for the survival plant animal species attaining sustainable development. Investigating integrity PAs can be useful developing connections among patches decreasing fragmentation a habitat. current study has analyzed spatial temporal changes to habitat quantify structural destruction Tehran Province, Iran. To achieve this purpose, trends land use/land cover (LULC) quantitative metrics landscape ecology approach...

Abstract Background Landscape metrics have been widely applied to quantifying the relationship between land surface temperature and urban spatial patterns received acceptable verification from landscape ecologists but some studies shown their inaccurate results. The objective of study is compare texture-based measures as alternative indices in measuring heterogeneity effects on LST at multiple scales. Results statistical results showed that correlation increased extent (scale) under-study...

Abstract Background The growing human population and the need for more food in world have reduced forests turned them into agricultural land. Many products are dependent on pollinating bees, so it is possible to increase crop production by increasing of bees landscapes preventing further deforestation. In landscapes, use forest patches as nesting habitats and, therefore, highly these patches. Therefore, creating new within fields, we can pollination rate, thus production. this regard,...

Abstract Background The growing human population around the world is creating an increased demand for food. In agricultural landscapes, forests are cleared and turned into land to produce more Increasing productivity of per unit area may prevent extreme forest degradation. Since many products dependent on pollinators, it possible increase crop production by increasing pollination rate in landscapes. Pollinators highly patches Therefore, new fields, we can rate, thus production. this regard,...

Abstract One of the most important issues related to landscape ecology and ecosystem services is finding pattern habitat patches that offers highest pollination in agricultural landscapes. In this regard, two processes loss fragmentation strongly affect relationship between patches. present study, we aimed examine effects on separately. For purpose, first, generated different simulated landscapes, including habitats forest agriculture. Then, according Lonsdorf model, estimated potential...

Abstract Background Climate change is occurring rapidly around the world, and predicted to have a large impact on biodiversity. Various studies shown that climate can alter geographical distribution of wild bees. As affects species causes range shift, degree shift quality habitats are becoming more important for securing diversity. In addition, those pollinator insects contributing not only shaping natural ecosystem but also increased crop production. The distributional habitat changes bees...

The dynamic and heterogeneity of the urban heat island (UHI) is result interactions between biotic, physical, social, built components. Urban ecology as a transdisciplinary science can provide context to understand complex social–biophysical issues such thermal environment in cities. This study aimed at developing theoretical framework elucidate patterns processes mediating UHI. To do it, we conducted review delineate UHI complexity using concept pattern, process, function phenomenon....

Ecological Footprint (EF) and Energy-Landscape Integrated Analysis (ELIA) estimate human societies' imprint on nature. Both methods aim to provide overviews regarding biophysical society–nature interactions. The purposes of this article are compare how EF ELIA conceptualize human-nature relationships, what results they produce when applied the same landscape scale, in order consider their methodological similarities differences can account for Land Use Cover Change (LUCC). This conceptual...

Abstract Background Ecosystem service mapping is an important tool for decision-making in landscape planning and natural resource management. Today, pollination based on the Lonsdorf model (InVEST software) that determines availability of nesting floral resources each land cover estimates according to foraging range desired species. However, it argued has significant limitations estimating a can affect results this model. Results This paper presents free software, named PollMap, does not...

In recent years, lifestyle changes and urbanization of societies, as well macro-environmental changes, i.e. climate (CCs), have caused in the land spatial structure transfer resources between different economic sectors land. The development long-term plans (SDPs) needs to be compatible with CCs, especially hyperarid areas low supplies high demands. this research, machine learning methods; including Cellular Automata (CA), Random Forest (RF) regression models through PLUS model were used...

Abstract The present study examines the efficiency of discrete and continuous approaches to measuring urban heterogeneity effects on land surface temperature (LST). In approach, landscape metrics have been widely applied quantifying relationship between spatial patterns received acceptable verification from ecologists but some studies shown their inaccurate results. objective is compare alternative LST. We compared results with nine texture-based measures, two local autocorrelation indices...

Abstract Since very little attention has been paid to pollination service in Iran, especially its mapping, there is information about the areas where wild bees are present. Therefore, this study, we used two models based on expert opinion that does not need presence points of pollinating estimate service. The Lonsdorf (Lonsdorf et al., 2009) model, simply considers potential land covers providing nesting habitat and floral resources for mapping services different landscapes. In addition...