Heat stress (HS) threatens the worldwide dairy industry by decreasing animal production performance and health. Holstein cows buffaloes are most important animals, but their differences in metabolic mechanism of thermotolerance remain elusive. In this study, we used serum metabolomics to evaluate between crossbred under chronic heat thermal-neutral conditions. response HS, body temperatures respiratory rates were increased more for than (38.78 vs 38.24 °C, p < 0.001; 43.6 32.5 breaths/min,...

Less evidence is available currently to reveal whether the immune system and productivity of laying hens change under long periods ammonia exposure in hot climate. The present study was conducted determine effects chronic high temperature concentrations on health, response, reproductive hormones commercial hens. A total five hundred seventy six 20-week-old (Hy-Line Brown) were used this study. Birds housed cages (4 birds per cage) received 16-wk treatments 6 artificial environmental...

Inferring spatial relations in natural language is a crucial ability an intelligent system should possess. The bAbI dataset tries to capture tasks relevant this domain (task 17 and 19). However, these have several limitations. Most importantly, they are limited fixed expressions, the number of reasoning steps required solve them, fail test robustness models input that contains irrelevant or redundant information. In paper, we present new Question-Answering called StepGame for robust...

Light colors are important for poultry production performance, behavior, and well-being. However, drinking pereferences of layer pullets under light that can provide insights into welfare-oriented managements remain unclear. The objectives this study were to (1) develop a convolutional neural network (CNN) behavior detector (2) evaluate pullet preferences four (white, red, green, blue) in lighting preference test system. system consisted identical compartments with each containing respective...

In a cold climate, ensuring indoor air quality and heat preservation simultaneously has always been difficult problem in the poultry house. The current study was carried out order to determine effects of chronic low temperature ammonia concentration on productive performance egg commercial laying hens. 576 18-week-old Hy-line Brown hens were used this study. Birds housed cages received for 20-week exposure six artificial environmental chambers. randomly assigned into treatments: treatment 1...

Body cleanliness is considered an important indicator for evaluating cow welfare. At present, assessing the of different body parts as a subjective and labor-intensive task. Automatic scoring needs to start with segmentation. Despite fact that pattern recognition methods human detection analysis have flourished in last decade, computer vision body-part scarce literature, most video images recognizes segments whole, not using all part information. This study presents method automatically...

Collaborative tasks are ubiquitous activities where a form of communication is required in order to reach joint goal. building one such tasks. We wish develop an intelligent builder agent simulated environment (Minecraft) that can build whatever users by just talking the agent. In achieve this goal, agents need be able take initiative asking clarification questions when further information needed. Existing works on Minecraft Corpus Dataset only learn execute instructions neglecting...

Contaminated gases emissions from livestock industry are becoming one of the most significant contributors to increasingly serious environmental pollution. To find a way reduce emissions, it is essential reveal factors that can affect emissions. In this study, concentrations typical (including ammonia (NH3), carbon dioxide (CO2), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), and sulfur (SO2)) generated naturally-ventilated dairy cow barns were detected through sample-data method in Tianjin, northern China. Indoor...

Many thermal indices (TIs) have been developed to quantify the severity of heat stress in dairy cows. Systematic evaluation representative TIs is still lacking, which may cause potential misapplication. The objectives this study were evaluate theoretical and actual performance a temperate climate. data collected freestall barns at commercial farm. transfer characteristics examined by equivalent air temperature change (ΔTeq). One-way ANOVA correlation used test relationships between...

Interindividual distances and orientations of laying hens provide quantitative measures to calculate optimize space allocations for bird flocks. However, these metrics were often measured manually have not been examined different stocking densities hens. The objectives this study 1) integrate develop several deep learning techniques detect interindividual hens; 2) examine the 2 under 8 via developed techniques. Laying (Jingfen breed, a popular hen breed in China) at 35 wk age raised...

The emission factor method (Tier 1) recommended by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is commonly used to estimate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from livestock and poultry farms. However, estimation accuracy may vary due practical differences in manure management across China. objectives of this study were direct indirect nitrous oxide (N2O) dairy between 1990 2021 China characterize its spatial temporal variations following IPCC guideline Tier 2. N2O (EF) cow systems was...

Breast blisters (BB) are an important factor affecting the carcass grade of broilers. To investigate effects floor type, stocking density, and sex management on incidence BB, orthogonal design with 3 factors levels [L9(34)] was used in this study. A total 324 Arbor Acre broilers, 21 d age, were randomly allocated into 9 groups 2 replicates each, raised cages different types (wire netting, plastic slats, bamboo slats), at densities (17, 14, 11 broilers/m2), (males, females, mixed sexes)....

The open lots and manure stockpiles of dairy farm are major sources greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in typical cow housing management system China. GHG (CO2, CH4 N2O) from the ground level brick-paved uncovered were estimated according to field measurements a Beijing by closed chambers four consecutive seasons. Location variation removal strategy impacts assessed on lots. Estimated CO2, N2O 137.5±64.7 kg hd-1 yr-1, 0.45±0.21 yr-1 0.13±0.08 respectively. There remarkable location variations...

A mixing fan and spraying system is commonly used to control the indoor environment of naturally ventilated dairy barns worldwide. However, its impact on particulate matter (PM) concentration variation still unclear due lack year-round field data. To systematically characterize PM dynamics under different environmental controls (namely, EC1: No Fans Spraying; EC2: Fans; EC3: Spraying), a continuous monitoring less than 2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5) total suspended particle (TSP)...

Detecting the early signs of heat stress is highly important in dairy farming. The surface temperature (ST) cattle can reflect their thermal status and using such a measuring method be efficient non-invasive. However, few studies have reported temperature-humidity index (THI) thresholds for ST. This study aimed to identify critical THI ST cows evaluate effects lactation stage number. included 233 Holstein lactating from July 2020 October temperate climate China. There were 1556 records...

Language models (LMs) trained on vast quantities of unlabelled data have greatly advanced the field natural language processing (NLP). In this study, we re-visit widely accepted notion in NLP that continued pre-training LMs task-related texts improves performance fine-tuning (FT) downstream tasks. Through experiments eight single-sentence tasks and sentence-pair both semi-supervised fully-supervised settings, find conventional does not consistently provide benefits can even be detrimental...