It is believed that first-order phase transitions occurred in the very early universe when temperature dropped below grand-unification and Weinberg-Salam energies. Bubbles of new, broken-symmetry would have formed surrounded by symmetric phase. The energy released transition caused walls bubbles to accelerate outwards. We study what happens collide with each other. find not be thermalized for a considerable time. In inflationary-universe scenario, which bubble nucleation rate low,...

Abstract Thermal unfolding curves have been measured for a series of short alanine‐based peptides that contain repeating sequences and varying chain lengths. Standard helix–coil theory successfully fits the observed transition curves, even these peptides. The results provide values σ, helix nucleation constant, Δ H °, enthalpy change on formation, s (0°C), average propagation parameter at 0°C. agrees with value determined calorimetrically. success in describing transitions water indicates...

Autoradiographic studies localize [3H]bradykinin receptor binding sites to the substantia gelatinosa, dorsal root, and a subset of small cells in both root trigeminal ganglia guinea pig. [3H]Bradykinin labeling is also observed over myocardial/coronary visceral afferent fibers. The localization receptors nociceptive pathways supports role for bradykinin pain mediation. Several antagonists block bradykinin-induced acute vascular rat. relieve bradykinin- urate-induced hyperalgesia rat paw....

A definition of perturbations space-times in general relativity is proposed. The leads a natural way to concept gauge invariance, and an extension lemma Sachs (1964). Coupled equations governing linearized certain tetrad components scalar, electromagnetic, gravitational fields are derived by the use Geroch, Held & Penrose’s (1973) version formalism Newman Penrose (1962). It shown that these invariant if only unperturbed space-time vacuum algebraic type {22} or, equivalently, perturbation...

1. Substance P (SP) induces histamine release from isolated rat peritoneal mast cells at concentrations of 0·1‐10 μM. 2. Inhibitors glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation prevent the induced by SP. 3. Cells heated to 47 °C for 20 min when treated with an agent causing cell lysis but fail in response 4. SP does not interacting cell‐bound IgE. 5. Histamine is rapid, more than 90% occurring within 1 addition peptide 37 °C. 6. P, unlike antigen—antibody or compound 48/80, show enhanced calcium...

All solutions of Einstein's equations for pressure-free matter which exhibit local rotational symmetry were classified in an earlier paper by one us. This extends the theory to case a general fluid, with electromagnetic field possibly present. A classification these perfect fluid is given, and assuming physically reasonable equation state, some exact cosmological interest are obtained. Finally, difficulties encountered when extending treatment discussed; same can be made.

The residues responsible for the pH-dependent stability of helix formed by isolated C-peptide (residues 1-13 ribonuclease A) have been identified chemical synthesis analogues and measurement their helix-forming properties. Each ionizing between pH 2 8 has replaced separately an uncharged residue. Protonation Glu-2- is sharp decrease in 5 2, deprotonation His-12+ causes a similar 8. Glu-9- not needed stability. results cannot be explained Zimm-Bragg model host-guest data alpha-helix...

The enthalpy change (delta H) accompanying the alpha-helix to random coil transition in water has been determined calorimetrically for a 50-residue peptide of defined sequence that contains primarily alanine. helix formation is one basic parameters needed predict thermal unfolding curves helices and it provides starting point analysis hydrogen bond. experimental uncertainty delta H reflects fact curve too broad measure its entirety, which precludes fitting baselines directly. A lower limit...

A peptide having enzyme-like catalytic activity has been designed and synthesized. Computer modeling was used to design a bundle of four short parallel amphipathic helical peptides bearing the serine protease site residues serine, histidine, aspartic acid at amino end in same spatial arrangement as chymotrypsin (ChTr). The necessary "oxyanion hole" substrate binding pocket for acetyltyrosine ethyl ester, classical ChTr substrate, were included design. chains linked covalently their carboxyl...

The mathematical principles underlying the theory of gauge-invariant perturbations homogeneous isotropic cosmological models are discussed and a collection useful formulae is given.

This paper, the sequel to Stewart (1977), discusses relation between transient relativistic thermodynamics and kinetic theory in formulation of Israel (1972, 1976) which differs (mathematically) from that previous paper. The difference is moment expansions are truncated different ways. However, identical results for characteristic velocities thermal transients obtained, this lends credence both approaches. In approximation at least, Grad method moments insensitive truncation procedure.

In the conventional Onsager formulation of non-equilibrium thermodynamics Fourier heat conduction law is parabolic, and permits arbitrarily large propagation velocities for temperature discontinuities. While embarassing in a non-relativistic theory, this unacceptable relativistic one. This paper presents detailed discussion (in dilute gas limit) kinetic theory such transients. When proper account two length scales involved taken into account, becomes hyperbolic; never exceed √3/5 c = 0.775 ,...