The ultimate bearing capacity of footings resting on subsoils consisting two layers has been investigated for the cases a dense or stiff layer overlying weak deposit, and loose soft firm deposit. analyses different modes soil failure are compared with results model tests circular strip layered sand clay soils.

ROBBINS, S. E. and A. M. HANNA. Running-related injury prevention through barefoot adaptation. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc, Vol. 19, No. 2, pp. 148–156, 1987. A number of reports indicate an extremely low running-related frequency in populations contrast to about shod populations. It is hypothesized that the adaptations which produce shock absorption, inherent consequence activity a mechanism responsible for unshod populations, are related deflection medial longitudinal arch foot on loading. also...

It is often the case that base of a footing rests in foundation material consisting more than one layer. Problems this type have been under investigation by authors for last few years, and results these studies were reported footings on two layers soil three sand. This paper an attempt to extend authors' previous theory cover resting subsoil dense layer sand overlying soft clay deposit. The analysis are presented form design charts.

Load sharing of piled raft foundations is known as an economical design for deep foundations. Nevertheless, research in this area has been lagging because the complexity problem and lack field data. Numerical modeling can be used to provide valuable data with a high level success. A three-dimensional finite-element model foundation was developed simulate case foundation. The accounts pile-to-pile, raft-to-pile, pile-to-soil, raft-to-soil interactions. examine effect key parameters governing...

Current bridge deterioration models used in management systems are not successful capturing the effects of condition history on future condition, performing "what if" analyses for different maintenance scenarios, and accounting interactive between mechanisms components. Moreover, these cannot be easily updated when new data is obtained. On other hand, a regular basis thus accumulate valuable knowledge about performance bridges over years. The case-based reasoning (CBR) approach could reuse...

Experimental and theoretical investigations on the behavior of single‐screw helical anchors in sand are presented. A testing program included 56 tests conducted five model installed dense, medium, loose dry sands. sand‐placing technique was developed utilized over order to achieve predetermined unit weight. The experimental setup instrumented allow measurement pullout load, upward displacement anchor, deflection surface. It observed that failure mechanism as well load varied with...

Quite often, foundation engineers encounter a thick layer of collapsible soil. This type soil possesses considerable strength, which is largely lost when the becomes wet. Excessive settlement and lateral deformation accompany this significant loss in strength. As an alternative to conventional deep foundations, stone columns encapsulated geofabric reinforcement may be used transmit loads suitable bearing strata below layer. paper presents experimental investigation on performance installed...

The design of stone columns is currently based on theories developed for a single column, ignoring the group interaction and therefore efficiency. Whereas mainly fail by bulging, may bulging or shear entire soil/columns mass. A numerical model was to simulate case column installed in soft clay. establishes level between individual determines mode failure given geometry, soil, loading condition. validated with available experimental data literature used generate potential failure. This...

Installation of stone column is a viable, cost effective, and environmentally friendly ground-improvement technique. Columns are made compacted aggregate installed in weak soil as reinforcements to increase the shear resistance mass and, accordingly, its bearing capacity. While single mostly fails by bulging, group columns together with surrounding may fail general, local, or punching mechanism, depending on soil/columns/geometry system. The mode failure reinforced ground could be identified...

Deterioration models are essential components of infrastructure management systems (IMSs) because they predict the future condition facilities and consequently assist in optimizing maintenance decisions. Case-based reasoning (CBR) is proposed to generate deterioration that benefit from large amount facility data stored IMS databases updated on a regular basis. CBRMID (CBR for modeling deterioration) new CBR system developed satisfy special requirements provide government agencies with...

ROBBINS, S. E., G. J. GOUW, and A. M. HANNA. Running-related injury prevention through innate impact-moderating behavior. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc, Vol. 21, No. 2, pp. 130–139, 1989. The purpose of these experiments was to test the Robbins Hanna hypothesis, which relates differences in discomfort from localized deformation at certain positions on plantar surface protective behavior (intrinsic foot shock absorption). A penetrometer used quantify relations between load pain depth deformation....

An investigation into the performance of single vertical screw anchors installed in sands is presented. Models were developed employing limit equilibrium method analysis to predict uplift capacity shallow, transition, and deep depths. experimentally observed log-spiral rupture surface was used theoretical analysis. Shear stresses calculated on using Kötter's differential equation. Weight shear factors for shallow are established simplify calculation from theories developed. These presented...

Purpose In the literature, several empirical methods can be found to predict occurrence of nonlinear soil liquefaction in layers. These are limited seismic conditions and parameters used developing model. This paper seeks present General Regression Neural Network (GRNN) model that addresses collective knowledge built simplified procedure. Design/methodology/approach The GRNN incorporates region. It was developed four phases; identification, collection, implementation, verification. data...

The ultimate bearing capacity of footings resting on subsoils consisting a weak sand layer overlying strong deposit has been investigated. Based model tests strip and circular in loose or compact dense deposit, the classical equation homogeneous was extended to cover cases these layered sands where upper is weaker. theory compared well with available test results. Design charts are presented.

This paper presents an application of quantitative ion character-activity relationships (QICAR) to estimate associations human cardiovascular (CV) diseases (CVDs) with a set metal properties commonly observed in ambient air pollutants. QICAR has previously been used predict ecotoxicity inorganic ions based on properties.

Experimental and theoretical studies on the torque required to install screw anchors in sand are presented. Tests were conducted five models of with different geometry study effect shape element performance anchor during installation. Anchors installed into prepared layers dense, medium, loose sand. An experimental setup was instrumented allow measurement total pullout load, upward displacement, surface deflection, installation value, stress development layer all phases testing procedure....

Experimental investigations on the performance of single and groups vertical screw anchors installed in dense, medium, loose sands are presented. An experimental setup was instrumented to allow measurement total pullout load, upward displacement, sand surface deflection, stress development layer during all phases testing. A placing technique developed utilized over testing program ensure reproducibility predetermined unit weight. Stresses measured within deposits indicated that tested were...

The ultimate bearing capacity of footings on subsoil consisting a strong sand layer overlying weak deposit was investigated. A theory developed and then results predicted. These predictions compared well with test data model strip circular resting dense loose, as as, compact sand. Design charts are presented for use in practical application. Based these charts, procedure to determine the is described.

Collapsible soil exhibits considerable strength when it is dry, but inundated, loses its and experiences significant volume reduction. Foundations on collapsible soils subjected to inundation may experience sudden settlement without any increase in the situ stress level. Pile foundations are often used penetrate layers of transfer load a lower, stronger layer. Nevertheless, because indentation, these piles negative skin friction, which lead reduction pile capacity, or perhaps separation from...

This paper presents an artificial neural network (ANN) model that predicts the efficiency of pile groups installed in cohesionless soil and subjected to axial loading. The accounts for planar geometry group (pile diameter, spacing, arrangement) incorporates effect installation, length, cap condition, type loading on efficiency. results produced by proposed ANN compared well with available laboratory field tests. is a viable design tool assists foundation engineers predicting accurate...

Current footwear which are designed for use in running examples of intentional biomechanical model integration into device design. The inadequacy this protecting against injury is postulated to be due fixation on inadequate models locomotory biomechanics that do not provide feedback control; particular, an hypothesized plantar surface sensory-mediated control system, imparts overload protection during locomotion. A heuristic approach was used identify the system. random series loads (0 164...

Piles driven into clay are often subjected to indirect loading as a result of the surcharge applied on surrounding area. During drained period, both piles and soil undergo downward movements caused by axial loading, respectively. Depending relative movement pile–soil system, positive negative skin friction develop pile’s shaft. Negative is drag force that may be large enough reduce pile capacity and/or overstress material causing fractures or perhaps structural failure pile, possibly pulling...