Real-time monitoring and management of lettuce plants, especially during the seedling growth stage, is important in order to protect them from various environmental stresses prevent yield loss. Various similar symptoms may occur as a result different unfavorable stresses. Visual inspection alone an incorrect late diagnosis, obstructing subsequent corrective action for damaged seedlings early stage. The purposes this study were detect segment background seedling-growing trays using improved...

Environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, light, and CO2 influence plant growth, unfavorable environmental conditions cause stress in plants, producing symptoms their early growth stages. The increasing importance of optimizing crop management strategies has led to a rising demand for the precise evaluation during growth. Advanced technologies are transforming health monitoring through enabling image-based analysis. Machine learning (ML) models can effectively identify important...

The health monitoring of vegetable and fruit plants, especially during the critical seedling growth stage, is essential to protect them from various environmental stresses prevent yield loss. Different may cause similar symptoms, making visual inspection alone unreliable potentially leading an incorrect diagnosis delayed corrective actions. This study aimed address these challenges by proposing a segmented regression model Mask R-CNN for detecting initiation time symptoms nutrient stress in...

The development of an automatic walking-type pepper transplanter could be effective in improving the mechanization rate cultivation, where dibbling mechanism plays a vital role and determines planting performance efficiency. objective this research was to determine suitable working speed for gear-driven appropriate transplanter, while considering agronomic transplanting requirements. proposed consisted two hoppers that simultaneously collected free-falling seedlings from supply dibbled them...

Understanding the diverse environmental influences on seedling growth is critical for maximizing yields. The need a more comprehensive understanding of how various factors affect required. Integrating sensor data and image processing techniques offers promising approach to accurately detect stress symptoms uncover hidden patterns, enhancing comprehension responses factors. objective this study was quantify six varieties using image-extracted feature characteristics. Three sensors were used:...

Environmental pollution, inconveniences and health hazards due to conventional application of cutting fluids essentially required for cooling lubrication have been a great concern the industries modern societies. Further they are also ineffective in controlling high temperature rapid tool wear. One possible potential techniques overcome such problem is cryogenic particularly by liquid nitrogen specially where major constraint achieving productivity job quality. The present work deals with...

The overturning stability and vibration of upland crop machinery under development are important issues for analysis because farms crops usually uneven, which may cause work-related fatalities, affects user comfort reduces the durability components. In this study, a tractor-mounted radish collector were investigated to ensure safety during collection. To analyze lateral stability, center gravity (CG) system was calculated mathematically. Then, simulation performed determine angles at...

Cement is considered a key raw material for brick production. However, excessive use of cement leads to negative environment impact. replaced with locally available waste materials has significant potential address this environmental impact, especially in the construction industry by contributing cleaner The objective research investigate performance where fly ash and palm oil fuel ash, typically Malaysia, on rise. To determine these bricks, compressive strength test, water absorption...

Demand and market value for pennywort largely depend on the quality of leaves, which can be affected by various ambient environment or fertigation variables during cultivation. Although early detection defects in leaves would enable growers to take quick action, conventional manual is laborious time consuming as well subjective. Therefore, objective this study was develop an automatic leaf defect algorithm plants grown under controlled conditions, using machine vision deep learning...

The spectral reflectance technique for the quantification of functional components was applied in different studies crops, but related research on kale leaves is limited. This study conducted to estimate glucosinolate and anthocyanin cultivated a plant factory based diffuse spectroscopy through regression methods. Kale grown under treatments. After specific periods transplantation, leaf samples were collected, spectra measured immediately from nine points each leaf. same freeze-dried stored...

An Expert System Shell is an interface for strengthening, refining and maintaining the knowledgebase of by directly interacting with it. The expert system shell a complete development environment developing Knowledge-Based Applications Systems. It provides step-by-step methodology knowledge engineer that allows domain experts themselves to be involved in structuring encoding through interface. Agriculture being multidisciplinary science there scope multiple systems various crops, disease,...

Welding technologies are the fundamental application in industrial field especially for engineering, manufacturing and even medical implants. Since welding process involved form of heat energy, it creates a property change welded location, thus adequate control parameters is essential as determined characteristics joint. In present work, investigation on effect SMAW metallographic studies mechanical properties AISI 1018 low carbon joints studied throughout series well controlled parameters....

Abstract The productivity of horticultural crops in an artificial light condition are highly influenced by the structure plant and area coverage. Accurate measurement leaf is very important for predicting water demand optimal growth. In this paper, we proposed image processing algorithm to estimate ice-plant from RGB images under condition. were taken using a digital camera transformed grayscale images. A binary masking was applied classifying each pixel, belonging region interest...