The multiple skeletal components of the skull originate asynchronously and their developmental schedule varies across amniotes. Here we present embryonic ossification sequence 134 species, covering all major groups mammals close relatives. This comprehensive data set allows reconstruction heterochronic modular evolution condition last common ancestor mammals. We show that mode (dermal or endochondral) unites bones into integrated evolutionary modules changes imposes constraints on cranial...

In Southeast Asia, bats of the genus Tylonycteris Peters, 1872 have traditionally been classified into two wide-ranging species, T. pachypus (Temminck, 1840) and robustula Thomas, 1915. Our comparative phylogeographic analyses based on mitochondrial seven nuclear genes, combined with our multivariate morphological analyses, show that these species actually represent cryptic complexes share a similar biogeographic history in three major regions, i.e., Sundaland, southern Indochina, northern...

Trident bats found in mainland Southeast Asia are currently subsumed into a single species, Aselliscus stoliczkanus. In this study, we examined morphological and genetic data from different populations Asia, with special focus on specimens Vietnam. Our analyses support the existence of further species northeastern Vietnam that separated A. stoliczkanus sensu lato (s.l.) during late Miocene. Within latter taxon, identified five geographic lineages diverged each other Plio-Pleistocene epoch....

Bats are the second-most speciose group of mammals, comprising 20% species diversity today. Their global explosion, representing one greatest adaptive radiations in mammalian history, is largely attributed to their ability laryngeal echolocation and powered flight, which enabled them conquer night sky, a vast hitherto unoccupied ecological niche. While there consensus that flight evolved only once lineage, whether has single origin bats or multiple times independently remains disputed. Here,...

Adenovirus infection of the gastrointestinal tract in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients is rarely reported, probably because a lack familiarity most pathologists with diagnostic criteria during routine light microscopy and possible misidentification as cytomegalovirus infection. We studied colonoscopic biopsy specimens from 135 HIV-infected clinically suspected colitis 4.5-year period to morphologically identify presence adenovirus Immunohistochemical staining for was...

Abstract The K orean P eninsula is a problematic place for tracing the evolutionary history of many E ast A sian species because its location on eastern edge urasian continent. This peninsula probably experienced peripheral isolation as one several possible leistocene refugia. Historical population fluctuations and peripatric speciation vertebrates in are poorly understood. As an endemic sia, raccoon dog N yctereutes procyonoides appropriate model describing mammal eninsula. Therefore, we...

ABSTRACT The recently increased interest in studies on sequence heterochrony has uncovered developmental variation between species. However, how changes program are related to shifts life‐history parameters remains largely unsolved. Here we provide the most comprehensive data date postcranial ossification of bats and compare them various boreoeutherian mammals with different locomotive modes. Given that equipped an elongated manus, expected detect characteristic heterochronies particularly...

Abstract The Cuban solenodon ( Solenodon cubanus ) is one of the most enigmatic mammals and an extremely rare species with a distribution limited to small part island Cuba. Despite its rarity, in 2012 seven individuals S. were captured sampled successfully for DNA analysis, providing new insights into evolutionary origin this origins Caribbean fauna, which remain controversial. We conducted molecular phylogenetic analyses five nuclear genes Apob , Atp7a Bdnf Brca1 Rag1 ; total, 4,602 bp)...

Prussian blue analogues (PBAs) are promising positive electrodes in sodium-ion batteries because of their three-dimensional structure, high capacity, and low-cost. In this work, we synthesize sodium-rich nickel-cobalt hexacyanoferrate (Na-rich NixCoyHCF)...

Bài báo này nghiên cứu việc thay thế một phần chất kết dính urea formaldehyde (UF) trong chế tạo ván gỗ sợi MDF bằng tinh bột oxy hóa (OS) và đóng rắn B-pMDI. Phổ hồng ngoại FTIR đã cho thấy sự có mặt của các nhóm chức carbonyl carboxyl phản ứng giữa hydroperoxide. Phân tích nhiệt trọng lượng TGA mẫu được với B-pMDI độ bền tốt hơn nhiều so ban đầu, ngoài ra phân phổ cũng -NCO -COOH OS hình thành liên ester. Nghiên rằng, tăng hàm UF/OS xu hướng làm giảm tính cơ lý nói chung, tuy nhiên ở tỷ lệ...

Background Cutaneous head and neck melanoma (cHNM) has a high rate of false-negative sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) up to 25% risk recurrence despite negative SLNB. The aim this study was investigate the pattern in patients with cHNM Methods A retrospective cohort consecutive at tertiary care centre from 2014-2022. We included all All were categorized into Breslow thickness >2 mm ≤2 extracted information pertaining histopathological characteristics presence type disease recurrences....

In industrial garment manufacturing, various factors affect the quality of finished products. This has led to many challenges and difficulties in product management assurance. The seams is a crucial factor determining textile study examines correlation between needle size, thread size stitch density seam properties on satin weave fabric. assesses tensile strength aesthetics using lockstitch 301. It also includes visual analysis appearance A simulation was conducted evaluate by varying order...

A survey of small mammals from Mt. Tay Con Linh II, Ha Giang Province, Vietnam (22°45'27"N, 104°49'49"E) resulted in the capture 17 species bat, insectivore, and rodent: Cynopterus sphinx, Rousettus leschenaulti, Sphaerias blanfordi, Scaptonyx fusicaudus, Chodsigoa parca, caovansunga new species, Blarinella griselda, Crocidura attenuata, fuliginosa, wuchihensis, Belomys pearsonii, Callosciurus inornatus, Leopoldamys edwardsi, Niviventer fulvescens, langbianis, tenaster Chiropodomys...

Based on a series of specimens collected in Cambodia and Vietnam, this paper describes 3 new species tube-nosed bats belonging to the Murina "suilla-group" (Vespertilionidae: Murininae). We provide detailed accounts their external craniodental morphology, including suite standard measurements, compare taxa with all other members group currently recognized Southeast Asia. The 1st was previously included M. tubinaris (Scully, 1881) but is considered distinct due differences features. This...

Tonkinomys daovantieni, a new genus and species of murid rodent in the Dacnomys Division, is described. It represented by 14 adults collected from talus habitats forested tower karst landscape Huu Lien Nature Reserve northeastern Vietnam. The combination semispinous, dense, grayish black fur covering upperparts; dark gray venter; ears; thick, bicolored tail considerably shorter than length head body; large, extremely bulbous footpads unlike any other Indomalayan murid. Body size build rat,...

Abstract Climate and land-cover changes are among major threats to biodiversity. However, the interactive effects of two often overlooked in conservation planning. Using 81 bat species occurring Vietnam as a case, we investigated individual climate changes, highlighting importance this information for efforts. By using distribution models, predicted potential range size richness across by 2050s, considering projected under emission scenarios. Our results revealed that both individually would...

Current classification of the genus Tamiops is mainly based on pelage color pattern that prone to seasonal variation or convergent adaptation environmental selection. The arrangement four species, mcclellandii, rodolphii, swinhoei and maritimus, regarded as tentative due difficulty in delineating especially latter two species. We constructed multi-locus phylogenies all species basis paternal (Y-chromosomal SRY SMCY7), maternal (mitochondrial cytochrome b gene) biparental (autosomal IRBP,...

The discovery of highly divergent lineages hantaviruses (family Hantaviridae) in shrews, moles, and bats multiple species raises the possibility that non-rodent hosts may have played a significant role their evolutionary history. To further investigate this prospect, total RNA was extracted from RNAlater®-preserved lung tissues 277 (representing five families, 14 genera 40 species), captured Myanmar Vietnam during 2013–2016. Hantavirus detected two 15 black-bearded tomb (Taphozous...

The Penghu channel, along the western shore of Taiwan, is well known for yielding numerous Middle to Late Pleistocene mammalian fossils, including an archaic human mandible. In this work, we examine a fossil mandible raccoon dog, Nyctereutes procyonoides, which was recovered from bed and compare with extant dog subspecies in East Asia. Two-dimensional geometric morphometric analysis lower first molar specimen demonstrates that continental Japanese populations were clearly separated. This...

Vietnam belongs to one of the most well-known global biodiversity hotspots. However, its is being threatened by multiple factors such as rapid growth human population, habitat destruction, overexploitation, and climate change. To better prioritize conservation measures for Vietnam’s mammal fauna, this study attempts identify threat status, level endemism, protected area coverage approximately 329 recognized taxa. In addition, ex situ are investigated analyzing zoo databases. Our results show...

Abstract To test the riverine barrier hypothesis in small arboreal mammals, we examined phylogenetic relationship between two Callosciurus squirrel species (C. caniceps and C. inornatus) geographically isolated northeastern part of Indochina Peninsula by Mekong River. We did this comparing complete mitochondrial DNA cytochrome b gene sequences these squirrels five other species: erythraeus, finlaysonii, nigrovittatus, notatus, prevostii. Phylogenetic trees showed that there are three major...