A structural magnetic resonance imaging study has revealed that pharyngeal articulation varies considerably with voicing during the production of English fricatives. In a four speakers American English, volume was generally found to be greater sustained voiced fricatives, compared voiceless equivalents. Though expansion is expected for stops, it more surprising For three speakers, all oral fricatives were produced larger pharynx than used fricative at same place articulation. one speaker,...

The tongue is critical in the production of speech, yet its nature has made it difficult to measure. Not only does ability attain complex shapes make track, also largely hidden from view during speech. present article describes a new combination optical tracking and ultrasound imaging that allows for noninvasive, real-time most surface running system (Optotrak) tracks location external structures 3-dimensional space using infrared emitting diodes (IREDs). By 3 or more IREDs on head similar...

Due to its aerodynamic, articulatory, and acoustic complexities, the fricative /s/ is known require high precision in control, be highly resistant coarticulation. This study documents detail how jaw, tongue front, back, lips, first spectral moment covary during production of /s/, establish coarticulation affects this segment. Data were obtained from 24 speakers Wisconsin x-ray microbeam database producing prevocalic pre-obstruent sequences. Analysis data showed that certain aspects jaw...

The study investigated the articulatory basis of locus equations, regression lines relating F2 at start a Consonant-Vowel (CV) transition to middle vowel, with C fixed and V varying. Several studies have shown that consonants different places articulation equation slopes descend from labial velar alveolar, intercept magnitudes increase in opposite order. Using formulas theory bivariate express intercepts terms standard deviations averages variables, it is slope directly encodes...

The present study focuses on differences in lingual coarticulation between French children and adults. specific question pursued is whether 4–5 year old have already acquired a synergy observed adults which the tongue back helps tip formation of alveolar consonants. Locus equations, estimated from acoustic ultrasound imaging data were used to compare degree further investigate motor front parts tongue. Results show similar slope intercept patterns for both articulatory domains, with an...

Coarticulation and invariance are two topics at the center of theorizing about speech production perception. In this paper, a quantitative scale is proposed that places coarticulation ends scale. This based on physical information flow in articulatory signal, uses Information Theory, especially concept mutual information, to quantify these central concepts research. Mutual measures amount shared across phonological units. scale, corresponds greater lesser sharing. The measurement tested by...

Abstract The nature of the links between speech production and perception has been subject longstanding debate. present study investigated articulatory parameter tongue height acoustic F1–F0 difference for phonological distinction vowel in American English front vowels. Multiple repetitions /i, ɪ, e, ɛ, æ/ [(h)Vd] sequences were recorded seven adult speakers. Articulatory (ultrasound) data collected simultaneously to provide a direct comparison variability both domains. Results showed...

This study investigated the degree to which articulatory trajectory of tongue dorsum in production a vowel-vowel sequence is perceptually relevant. Previous research has shown that takes path leads pattern area function change, termed pivot pattern. In this study, synthesis was used generate paths motion for vowel /ai/. These differed their curvature, leading stimuli conform and violate it. Participants gave naturalness ratings discriminated stimuli. The acoustic properties were also...

Abstract Using the framework of Articulatory Phonology, we offer a phonological account allophonic variation undergone by velar fricative phoneme in Navajo, Southern or Apachean Athabaskan language spoken Arizona and New Mexico. The Navajo strongly co-articulates with following vowel, varying both place manner articulation. this seems greater than velars many well-studied languages. coronal central fricatives inventory, contrast, are quite phonetically stable. back thus highlights 1)...

Regression analysis and mutual information have been used to measure the degree of dependence between a consonant vowel, this has identify invariance place quantify coarticulatory resistance consonants [e.g., Fowler (1994). Percept. Psychophys. 55, 597–610]. This paper presents first application approach properties vowels, using regression on articulatory data CV syllables produced by seven Taiwan Mandarin speakers. The results show that vowel /i/ shares most with preceding among vowels for...

The goals of this study were to (a) compare the vowel space produced by a person with congenital aglossia (PWCA) typical space; (b) investigate listeners’ intelligibility for single vowels PWCA, and without visual information; (c) determine whether there is correlation between scores speech PWCA acoustic properties those samples. main objective was able compensate lack tongue listeners perceptually possible atypical acoustics PWCA. Cineradiography article limited observation gross function...

This article is the second in a series that examines intelligibility of person with congenital aglossia (PWCA). Specific factors examined this study included (a) for meaningful words versus nonsense words, (b) consonant-vowel-consonant (CVCs) as function phonemic segment types, and (c) whether there correlation between these acoustic properties speech samples. Results revealed greater CVCs, back, low, high-back front vowels embedded productions variables, which demonstrated following...

The ability of speakers to exaggerate speech sounds (“hyperarticulation”) has led the theory that targets themselves must be hyperarticulated. Johnson, Flemming, and Wright (1993) found perceptual “best exemplar” choices for vowels were more extreme than listeners' own productions. Our first experiment, using their procedure, only partially replicated results. Low showed a higher F1, consistent with hyperspace. Front also frontness in F2, but back less (“hypoarticulated”) on F2. second...

To gain a better understanding of the long-observed effects vocalic context, articulation fricatives was investigated using Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Five speakers American English were imaged while producing eight in contexts [i-a-u-schwa]. Sagittal, axial and oblique-coronal volumes acquired for each vowel-fricative combination. Acoustic recordings made during scans separately an anechoic chamber. Vocal tract models generated by aligning superimposing all three stack orientations. The...