The N-back task is used extensively in literature as a working memory (WM) paradigm and it increasingly measure of individual differences. However, not much known about the psychometric properties this current study aims to shed more light on issue. We first review task. With three experiments using variants with different stimuli load levels, we then investigate nature by investigating its relationship WM, role an inter-individual difference measure. Consistent previous literature, our data...

Stress is a strong modulator of memory function. However, not unitary process and stress seems to exert different effects depending on the type under study. Here, we explored impact social aspects human memory, including tests for explicit working (for neutral materials), as well implicit (perceptual priming, contextual priming classical conditioning emotional stimuli). A total 35 young adult male students were randomly assigned either or control group, with being induced by Trier Social...

In the present study, trajectory of prospective memory across lifespan was investigated in a total 200 participants from five age groups (4- to 6-year-old children, 13- 14-year-old adolescents, 19- 26-year-old adults, 55- 65-year-old and 65- 75-year-old adults). an event-based task retrospective components were assessed separately. For component, results showed better performance for adolescents young adults than children adults. addition, belonging latter group more likely forget component...

People with synaesthesia show an enhanced memory relative to demographically matched controls. The most obvious explanation for this is that the ‘extra’ perceptual experiences lead richer encoding and retrieval opportunities of material induces (typically verbal material). Although there some evidence this, it unlikely be whole explanation. For instance, not all triggers better remembered (e.g., digit span) does trigger remembered. In fact, they tend have visual than memory. We suggest in...

In this study we investigated whether synaesthesia is associated with a particular cognitive style. Cognitive style refers to preferred modes of information processing, such as verbal or visual We reasoned that related the enriched world experiences created by synaesthesia, its association enhanced and memory, higher imagery creativity, synaesthetes might show preference for well compared non-synaesthetes. Study 1 tested large convenience sample 1046 participants, who classified themselves...

Ethnoveterinary knowledge in Europe may play an important role as a basis for sustainable treatment options livestock. Aims of our study were (a) to compare the ethnoveterinary practices two culturally and sociodemographically different regions Switzerland, (b) results with earlier studies conducted Switzerland adjacent Italian and, (c) evaluate possible reasons regional differences European medicine. 25 interviews 2014 all speaking (ItR) 31 held five north-western German Cantons (GeC)....

Abstract Differences in the amount and availability of cognitive resources may be responsible for age‐related differences event‐based prospective memory tasks. We hypothesised that a manipulation which reduces resource requirements by enhancing automatic processing will reduce age differences. Implementation intentions are assumed to satisfy this requirement. tested total 563 participants, 185 adolescents, 193 young adults older order investigate whether providing participants with...

In synaesthesia, the input of one sensory modality automatically triggers an additional experience, not normally triggered by that modality. Therefore, compared to non-synaesthetes, experiences exist and these may be used as retrieval cues when memory is tested. Previous case studies have suggested synaesthesia yield even extraordinary abilities. However, group found either a task-specific advantage or no performance at all. The aim present study was test whether grapheme-colour gives rise...

Some studies, most of them case-reports, suggest that synesthetes have an advantage in visual search and episodic memory tasks. The goal this study was to examine hypothesis a group study.In the present study, we tested thirteen grapheme-color compared their performance on task test age-, handedness-, education-, gender-matched control group. results showed no significant differences (all relevant ps>.50). For effect sizes indicated small for (Cohen's d between .19 .32). No such found...

Synaesthesia may facilitate the expression of creativity. Therefore synaesthetes be more common in world creative art. To test this possibility, we used behavioural and phenomenological measures to assess existence grapheme-colour synaesthesia a sample art students (N = 99) control 96). We found prevalence about 7% former 2% latter. Our findings suggest that indeed students.

Valerian is commonly used for the treatment of insomnia and anxiety. extracts allosterically modulate GABA-A receptors induced an anxiolytic activity. This activity closely related to valerenic acid. In present experiments it was investigated whether acetoxy acid may interfere with action Situational anxiety measured using male CD-1 mice in elevated plus maze test after oral administration substances. addition body core temperature measured. For 3H-GABA binding assay dissected tissue from...

In prospective memory tasks different kinds of load can occur. Adding a task impose on ongoing performance. (OTL) affect The existence multiple target events increases (PL) and adding complexity to the to-be-remembered action retrospective (RL). two experiments, we systematically examined effects these types Results showed an effect PL costs in for categorical targets (Experiment 2), but not specific 1). RL OTL both affected remembering component task. We suggest that enhance due additional...

Very few ethnoveterinary surveys have been conducted in central Europe. However, traditional knowledge on the use of medicinal plants might be an option for future concepts treatment livestock diseases. Therefore aim this study was to document and analyse homemade herbal remedies by farmers four Swiss cantons. Research 2012. Fifty 38 farms were interviewed with aid semistructured interviews. Detailed information about used their mode preparation documented as well dosage, route...

Abstract Transfer appropriate processing (TAP) is the assumption that retrospective memory test performance reflects overlap between study and phase processing. In a task analysis, we identify similar sequential‐type of in prospective (ProM) situations. addition, ProM can also involve concurrent processes engaged for an ongoing those required recognizing relevant cues. A review literature shows consistent TAP effects due to sequential manipulations, but inconclusive findings manipulations....

According to the multi-process model of prospective memory (McDaniel & Einstein, 2000 McDaniel, M. A. and G. O. 2000. Strategic automatic processes in retrieval: A multiprocess framework. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 14: S127–S144. [Crossref], [Web Science ®] , [Google Scholar]), performance a task may be due spontaneous retrieval or strategic monitoring. Spontaneous is typically accompanied by pop up experience monitoring search experience. In this study we report two experiments with...

Behavioral studies suggest that women and men differ in the strategic elaboration of verbally encoded information especially absence external task demand. However, measuring such covert processing requires other than behavioral data. The present study used event-related potentials to compare sexes lower higher order semantic during passive reading semantically related unrelated word pairs. Women showed same early context effect P1-N1 transition period. This finding indicates initial...