A5033995070- Microbial infections and disease research
- Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies
- Bacteriophages and microbial interactions
- Antimicrobial Resistance in Staphylococcus
- Pharmaceutical and Antibiotic Environmental Impacts
- Aquaculture disease management and microbiota
- Escherichia coli research studies
- Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria
- Gut microbiota and health
- Legume Nitrogen Fixing Symbiosis
- Probiotics and Fermented Foods
- Bacterial Identification and Susceptibility Testing
- Plant nutrient uptake and metabolism
- Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
- Mycobacterium research and diagnosis
- Clostridium difficile and Clostridium perfringens research
- Plant Pathogenic Bacteria Studies
- Wastewater Treatment and Nitrogen Removal
- Ruminant Nutrition and Digestive Physiology
- Listeria monocytogenes in Food Safety
- Identification and Quantification in Food
- Microbial Metabolism and Applications
- Transgenic Plants and Applications
- Animal Disease Management and Epidemiology
- Salmonella and Campylobacter epidemiology
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada
2016-2025
Lethbridge Research and Development Centre
2016-2025
University of Lethbridge
2023-2024
Government of Canada
2023
Public Health Agency of Canada
2015-2021
Canadian Food Inspection Agency
2019
Public Health Ontario
2019
Queen's University
2019
Toronto Metropolitan University
2019
McMaster University
2005-2009
Abstract For a One-Health investigation of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Enterococcus spp., isolates from humans and beef cattle along with abattoirs, manured fields, natural streams, wastewater both urban feedlot sources were collected over two years. Species identification revealed distinct associations across the continuum. Of 8430 collected, faecium faecalis main species (90%) clinical human (99%); hirae predominated (92%) catch-basins (60%), whereas streams harbored environmental...
Developments in high-throughput next generation sequencing (NGS) technology have rapidly advanced the understanding of overall microbial ecology as well occurrence and diversity specific genes within diverse environments. In present study, we compared ability varying depths to generate meaningful information about taxonomic structure prevalence antimicrobial resistance (ARGs) bovine fecal community. Metagenomic was conducted on eight composite samples originating from four beef cattle...
ABSTRACT In this study, we determined the prevalence of bovine respiratory disease (BRD)-associated viral and bacterial pathogens in cattle characterized genetic profiles, antimicrobial susceptibilities, nature resistance determinants collected bacteria. Nasopharyngeal swab lung tissue samples from 68 BRD mortalities Alberta, Canada ( n = 42), Texas 6), Nebraska 20) were screened using PCR for diarrhea virus (BVDV), syncytial virus, herpesvirus 1, parainfluenza type 3 Mycoplasma bovis ,...
The recent widespread application of whole-genome sequencing (WGS) for microbial disease investigations has spurred the development new bioinformatics tools, including a notable proliferation phylogenomics pipelines designed infectious surveillance and outbreak investigation. Transitioning use WGS data out research laboratory into front lines response requires user-friendly, reproducible scalable that have been well validated. Single Nucleotide Variant Phylogenomics (SNVPhyl) is pipeline...
Abstract It has been proposed that livestock production effluents such as wastewater, airborne dust and manure increase the density of antimicrobial resistant bacteria genes in environment. The public health risk posed by this outcome difficult to quantify using traditional microbiological approaches. We utilized shotgun metagenomics provide a first description resistome North American dairy beef effluents, identify factors significantly impact resistome. identified 34 mechanisms drug...
Enterococcus is ubiquitous in nature and a commensal of both the bovine human gastrointestinal (GI) tract. It also associated with clinical infections humans. Subtherapeutic administration antibiotics to cattle selects for antibiotic resistant enterococci GI Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) may be present following use cattle. If located on mobile genetic elements (MGEs) their dissemination between species pathogenic bacteria promoted, reducing efficacy antibiotics.We comparative genomic...
The number of solute-binding protein-dependent transporters in rhizobia is dramatically increased compared with the majority other bacteria so far sequenced. This increase may be due to high affinity proteins for solutes, permitting acquisition a broad range growth-limiting nutrients from soil and rhizosphere. transcriptional induction these was studied by creating suite plasmid integrated fusions nearly all ATP-binding cassette (ABC) tripartite ATP-independent periplasmic (TRAP)...
In proteobacteria, genes whose expression is modulated in response to the external concentration of inorganic phosphate are often regulated by PhoB protein which binds a conserved motif (Pho box) within their promoter regions. Using position weight matrix algorithm derived from known Pho box sequences, we identified 96 putative regulon members regions contained one or more boxs Sinorhizobium meliloti genome. Expression these was examined through assays reporter gene fusions and comparison...
Rhizobia are Gram-negative soil bacteria able to establish nitrogen-fixing root nodules with their respective legume host plants. Besides phosphatidylglycerol, cardiolipin, and phosphatidylethanolamine, rhizobial membranes contain phosphatidylcholine (PC) as a major membrane lipid. Under phosphate-limiting conditions of growth, some replace phospholipids lipids lacking phosphorus. In Sinorhizobium meliloti, these phosphorus-free sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerol, ornithine-containing lipid,...
Macrolides are the first-line treatment against bovine respiratory disease, and also used to treat infections in humans. The macrolide, tylosin phosphate, is often included diet of cattle as a preventative for liver abscesses many regions world outside Europe. This study investigated effects administering macrolides beef either systemically through single subcutaneous injection (therapeutic) or continuously in-feed (subtherapeutic), on prevalence antimicrobial resistance Mannheimia...
The Canadian Genomics Research and Development Initiative for Antimicrobial Resistance (GRDI-AMR) uses a genomics-based approach to understand how health care, food production the environment contribute development of antimicrobial resistance. Integrating genomics contextual data streams across One Health continuum is challenging because diversity in scope, content structure. To better enable harmonization analyses, standard was developed. However, standards does not guarantee their use....
Enterococcus species are used as One Health indicators of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in humans, animals, and the environment. A surveillance study beef cows calves isolated casseliflavus along with E. faecium, faecalis, hirae. Given high prevalence casseliflavus, we elected to characterize this better understand its role enterococci calves. Almost 12% isolates exhibited multidrug majority being resistant lincomycin (99%), followed by quinupristin–dalfopristin (34%), ciprofloxacin (9.6%),...
The properties and regulation of the pstSCAB-encoded Pi uptake system from alfalfa symbiont Sinorhizobium meliloti are reported. We present evidence that pstSCAB genes regulatory phoUB transcribed a single promoter contains two PhoB binding sites transcription requires PhoB. S. strain 1021 (Rm1021) its derivatives were found to carry C deletion frameshift mutation in pstC gene (designated pstC1021) severely impairs activity PstSCAB transport system. This is absent RCR2011, parent Rm1021....
Tylosin phosphate is a macrolide commonly administered to cattle in North America for the control of liver abscesses. This study investigated effect in-feed administration tylosin at subtherapeutic levels and its subsequent withdrawal on resistance using enterococci as an indicator bacterium. Fecal samples were collected from steers that received no antibiotics (11 ppm) 197 days withdrawn 28 before slaughter. Enterococcus species isolated fecal identified through sequencing groES-EL...
Escherichia coli O157:H7 is a major foodborne human pathogen causing disease worldwide. Cattle are reservoir for this and those that shed E. at >104 CFU/g feces have been termed "super-shedders". A rich microbial community inhabits the mammalian intestinal tract, but it not known if structure of differs between super-shedder cattle their non-shedding pen mates. We hypothesized state result an dysbiosis "normal" microbiota prevents from reaching super-shedding levels. To address question, we...
Bovine respiratory disease is a common health problem in beef production. The primary bacterial agent involved, Mannheimia haemolytica, target for antimicrobial therapy and at risk associated resistance development. role of M. haemolytica pathogenesis linked to serotype with serotypes 1 (S1) 6 (S6) isolated from pneumonic lesions 2 (S2) found the upper tract healthy animals. Here, we sequenced genomes 11 strains representing all three performed comparative genomics analysis identify genetic...
Over a two-year period, Mannheimia haemolytica (MH; n = 113), Pasteurella multocida (PM; 47), Histophilus somni (HS; 41) and Mycoplasma bovis (MB; 227) were isolated from bovine lung tissue at necropsy cattle raised conventionally (CON, 29 feedlots) or without antimicrobials [natural (NAT), 2 feedlots]. Excluding MB, isolates assayed by PCR to detect the presence of 13 antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes five core associated with integrative conjugative elements (ICEs). Antimicrobial...
As a means of investigating gene function, we developed robust transcription fusion reporter vector to measure expression in bacteria. The vector, pTH1522, was used construct random insert library for the Sinorhizobium meliloti genome. pTH1522 replicates Escherichia coli and can be transferred to, but cannot replicate in, S. meliloti. Homologous recombination DNA fragments cloned into genome generates transcriptional fusions either genes gfp(+) lacZ or gusA rfp, depending on orientation...
Sinorhizobium meliloti differentiates from rod-shaped, free-living cells into pleomorphic, non-dividing, N(2)-fixing bacteroids within alfalfa root nodules. Here, the role of minCDE genes in bacteroid differentiation and cell division is examined. Disruption minE gene resulted large, swollen branched cells, symbiosis a mutation defect nitrogen fixation with activity reduced by approximately 70 % compared to wild-type. It has been demonstrated that form an operon driven promoter located 173...
We report on the biochemical, phylogenetic and genetic regulation of PhoX, major alkaline phosphatase protein from soil bacterium Sinorhizobium meliloti. The is shown to be a member recently identified family PhoX proteins that distinct well-characterized PhoA family. mature S. meliloti located in periplasm lacks 76-amino-acid N-terminal Tat signal peptide. Its activity was stimulated by Ca(+2) optimal at pH 9-11. Except for phytic acid phosphatidic acid, enzyme active against wide range...