Estimates of future life expectancy strongly influence public policy on age-based entitlement programs such as Social Security and Medicare. Although recent estimates how long Americans will live in this century have predicted an increase, the authors believe that current trends obesity United States may end slow but steady increase has taken place past 2 centuries. In 3 decades, rise at birth decelerated context historical trends. Recent exploration by experts, including mathematical...

Background. Fast food has become a prominent feature of the diet children in United States and, increasingly, throughout world. However, few studies have examined effects fast-food consumption on any nutrition or health-related outcome. The aim this study was to test hypothesis that adversely affects dietary factors linked obesity risk. Methods. This included 6212 and adolescents 4 19 years old participating nationally representative Continuing Survey Food Intake by Individuals conducted...

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is defined by the Third Report of Adult Treatment Panel (ATP III) using criteria easily applied clinicians and researchers. There no standard pediatric definition.We MetS analogous to ATP III as > or =3 following: (1) fasting triglycerides =1.1 mmol/L (100 mg/dL); (2) HDL <1.3 (50 mg/dL), except in boys aged 15 19 years, whom cutpoint was <1.2 (45 (3) glucose =6.1 (110 (4) waist circumference >75th percentile for age gender; (5) systolic blood pressure >90th gender,...

Context Components of the insulin resistance syndrome (IRS), including obesity, glucose intolerance, hypertension, and dyslipidemia, are major risk factors for type 2 diabetes heart disease.Although diet has been postulated to influence IRS, independent effects dairy consumption on development this have not investigated. ObjectiveTo examine associations between intake incidence adjusting confounding lifestyle dietary factors. DesignThe Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults...

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Consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages has increased in recent decades; evidence suggests that consumption these contributes to obesity and adverse health outcomes. The authors discuss the potential public economic benefits taxing beverages.

ContextDietary composition may affect insulin secretion, and high levels, in turn, increase the risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD).ObjectiveTo examine role of fiber consumption its association with weight gain, other CVD factors compared major dietary components.Design SettingThe Coronary Artery Risk Development Young Adults (CARDIA) Study, a multicenter population-based cohort study change over 10 years (1985-1986 to 1995-1996) Birmingham, Ala; Chicago, Ill; Minneapolis, Minn; Oakland,...

Objective. The prevalence of obesity has increased dramatically in recent years. However, the role dietary composition body weight regulation remains unclear. purpose this work was to investigate acute effects glycemic index (GI) on energy metabolism and voluntary food intake obese subjects. Methods. Twelve teenage boys were evaluated three separate occasions using a crossover study protocol. During each evaluation, subjects consumed identical test meals at breakfast lunch that had low,...

Consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages may cause excessive weight gain. We aimed to assess the effect on gain an intervention that included provision noncaloric at home for overweight and obese adolescents.

Several lines of investigation suggest that the hypothalamic neuropeptide melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) regulates body weight in mammals. Obese mice lacking functional leptin overexpress MCH message fed or fasted state. Acute intracerebroventricular injection increases energy intake rats. Mice gene are lean. To test hypothesis chronic overexpression causes obesity, we produced transgenic (MCH-OE) lateral hypothalamus at approximately twofold higher levels than normal mice. On FVB...

OBJECTIVE. The role of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) in promoting obesity is controversial. Observational data link SSB consumption with excessive weight gain; however, randomized, controlled trials are lacking and necessary to resolve the debate. We conducted a pilot study examine effect decreasing on body weight. METHODS. randomly assigned 103 adolescents aged 13 18 years who regularly consumed SSBs intervention control groups. intervention, 25 weeks duration, relied largely home...

The concept of personal responsibility has been central to social, legal, and political approaches obesity. It evokes language blame, weakness, vice is a leading basis for inadequate government efforts, given the importance environmental conditions in explaining high rates These can override individual physical psychological regulatory systems that might otherwise stand way weight gain obesity, hence undermining responsibility, narrowing choices, eroding freedoms. Personal be embraced as...

Background:The incidence of type 2 diabetes increases markedly for obese children after puberty.However, the effect dietary composition on body weight and risk factors has not been studied in adolescents.Objective: To compare effects an ad libitum, reduced-glycemic load (GL) diet with those energyrestricted, reduced-fat adolescents.Design: Randomized control trial consisting a 6-month intervention follow-up.Main Outcome Measures: Body (body mass index [BMI; calculated as kilograms divided by...

Industrial support of biomedical research may bias scientific conclusions, as demonstrated by recent analyses pharmaceutical studies. However, this issue has not been systematically examined in the area nutrition research. The purpose study is to characterize financial sponsorship articles addressing health effects three commonly consumed beverages, and determine how affects published conclusions.Medline searches worldwide literature were used identify article types (interventional studies,...

Reduced energy expenditure following weight loss is thought to contribute gain. However, the effect of dietary composition on during weight-loss maintenance has not been studied.To examine effects 3 diets differing widely in macronutrient and glycemic load loss.A controlled 3-way crossover design involving 21 overweight obese young adults conducted at Children's Hospital Boston Brigham Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, between June 16, 2006, 21, 2010, with recruitment by newspaper...

Background Current dietary guidelines recommend eating a variety of fruits and vegetables. However, based on nutrient composition, some particular vegetables may be more or less beneficial for maintaining achieving healthy weight. We hypothesized that greater consumption with higher fiber content lower glycemic load would strongly associated Methods Findings examined the association between change in intake specific weight three large, prospective cohorts 133,468 United States men women....