The evolution of temperature and velocity fields during laser spot welding 304 stainless steel was studied using a transient, heat transfer fluid flow model based on the solution equations conservation mass, momentum energy in weld pool. pool geometry, thermal cycles various solidification parameters were calculated. fusion zone calculated from transient model, good agreement with corresponding experimentally measured values for conditions. Dimensional analysis used to understand importance...

Membrane-based treatment of oily wastewater remains a significant challenge, particularly under high salinity conditions. The main difficulty associated with this separation process is membrane fouling, mostly caused by wetting and coalescence emulsified oil droplets on the surface. In study, electrically conducting carbon nanotube-based ultrafiltration membranes were used to treat an suspension at ionic strengths as 100 mM. By tuning electrical potential applied surface, we demonstrate how...

Alloying element loss from the weld pool during laser spot welding of stainless steel was investigated experimentally and theoretically. The experimental work involved determination work-piece weight metal vapour composition for various conditions. transient temperature velocity fields in were numerically simulated. vaporization rates alloying elements modelled using computed profiles. fusion zone geometry could be predicted heat transfer fluid flow model power pulse duration most important...

Rare earth elements while not considered to be volatile in coal combustion do show some variation between ash collection rows. To better understand this variation, we investigate the trace element variations (with emphasis on rare elements) size fractions of fly from multiple rows at a single power-generating unit southeastern Kentucky power plant. Fly samples were investigated using optical microscopy, X-ray fluorescence, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The arsenic...

Measurement of weld pool temperature during laser spot welding is a difficult task because the short pulse duration, often lasting only few milliseconds, highly transient nature process, and presence metal vapor plume near pool. This article describes recent research to estimate temperatures experimentally theoretically. Composition from was determined by condensing portion on inner surface an open ended quartz tube which mounted perpendicular sample coaxial with beam. It found that iron,...

The advantages and recent advancements of the Discrete-Ordinates (SN) Method have established its widespread adoption in particle transport calculations for nuclear energy systems. mathematical foundations diverse applications SN method are comprehensively summarized this review. Recent advances critically evaluated, with particular emphasis placed on advanced discretization techniques, high-performance computing implementations, hybrid coupling strategies MC, MOC method, so on. Despite...

Weld metal composition change in 200μm deep, 304 stainless steel microjoints fabricated using millisecond long Nd-YAG laser pulses was investigated experimentally and theoretically. The variables studied were pulse duration power density. After welding, concentrations of iron, manganese, chromium, nickel determined at various locations the microjoint electron microprobe analysis. temperature field simulated as a function time from well-tested three-dimensional transient heat transfer fluid...

Coal fly ash (CFA) as a potential resource for rare earth elements and yttrium (REY) has attracted extensive attention over the past few years. This paper focuses on studying microwave systems leaching of REY from CFA. Leaching parameters including hydrochloric acid (HCl) concentration, heating time, rate, temperature were assessed. The optimal recovery 74.91% REY, 86.77% light (LREY), 34.79% heavy (HREY) are obtained at conditions 3 M HCl, T = 220°C, rate 39°C/min, time 30 min. closed...

Triboelectrostatic beneficiation, as a physical method, of fly ash cannot only meet the technical requirements application but also recycle an unburned carbon useful energy source. The aim this study was to investigate feasibility improving efficiency triboelectrostatic beneficiation wet using microwave heating. with different moisture contents had average loss-on-ignition 12.56%. samples were heated in oven before experiments. experimental conditions electric field voltage 40 kV and air...

The occurrence characteristics of sodium and its potential relationship with macerals in Zhundong coal, as well Shenfu coal average levels, are investigated this study. A new five-step sequential extraction method was first conducted for determination. status related samples determined by microscope SEM–EDS (scanning electron microscope–energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy). Soluble salts (H2O-Na) make up the primary proportion at approximately 50%, while various species distributed...

Water scarcity and water pollution have become increasingly severe, therefore, the purification of resources has recently garnered increasing attention. Given its position as a major resource, efficient drinking is crucial importance. In this study, we adopted phase transition method to prepare ZrO2/BCM (bamboo cellulose membranes), after which developed IP-ZrO2/BC-NFM nanofiltration membranes) through interfacial polymerization using piperazine (PIP) tricarbonyl chloride (TMC)....

The coal found in the Zhundong Coalfield is highly suitable for power generation and gasification. However, high sodium content within leads to severe boiler slagging contamination. Additionally, disperses into gaseous phase form haze, adversely affecting local atmospheric environment. This study delved distribution occurrence characteristics enrichment causes of coal, employing sequential extraction experiments testing methods such as XRF, ICP-OES SEM-EDS. findings this research indicate...