Human understanding of the world can change rapidly when new information comes to light, such as a plot twist occurs in work fiction. This flexible "knowledge assembly" requires few-shot reorganization neural codes for relations among objects and events. However, existing computational theories are largely silent about how this could occur. Here, participants learned transitive ordering novel within two distinct contexts before exposure knowledge that revealed they were linked....

<h2>Summary</h2> A prerequisite for intelligent behavior is to understand how stimuli are related and generalize this knowledge across contexts. Generalization can be challenging when relational patterns shared contexts but exist on different physical scales. Here, we studied neural representations in humans recurrent networks performing a magnitude comparison task, which it was advantageous concepts of "more" or "less" between Using multivariate analysis human brain signals network hidden...

Rhythmic neural activity in the alpha band (8-13 Hz) is thought to have an important role selective processing of visual information. Typically, modulations amplitude and instantaneous frequency are reflect independent mechanisms impacting dissociable aspects information processing. However, complex systems with interacting oscillators such as brain, mathematically dependent. Here, we record electroencephalography human subjects show that both predict behavioral performance same...

Abstract Human understanding of the world can change rapidly when new information comes to light, such as a plot twist occurs in work fiction. This flexible “knowledge assembly” requires few-shot reorganisation neural codes for relations among objects and events. However, existing computational theories are largely silent about how this could occur. Here, participants learned transitive ordering novel within two distinct contexts, before exposure knowledge that revealed they were linked....

Neuroscience research is undergoing a minor revolution. Recent advances in machine learning and artificial intelligence (AI) have opened up new ways of thinking about neural computation. Many researchers are excited by the possibility that deep networks may offer theories perception, cognition action for biological brains. This perspective has potential to radically reshape our approach understanding systems, because computations performed learned from experience, not endowed researcher. If...

Endogenous alpha oscillations propagate from higher-order to early visual cortical regions, consistent with the observed modulation of these by top-down factors. However, bottom-up manipulations also influence oscillations, and little is known about how processes interact impact behavior. To address this, participants performed a detection task while viewing stimulus flickering at multiple band frequencies. Bottom-up drive participant's endogenous frequency either impaired or enhanced...

Abstract Decisions made about identical perceptual stimuli can be radically different under changing task demands. For example, the need to make a fast decision undermines accuracy of that decision, well-documented effect termed speed-accuracy tradeoff (SAT). Models SAT are generally based on theories making in which responses triggered only after sensory evidence accumulation terminates at set threshold. Within this accumulate-to-bound framework, speed pressure operates by lowering response...

In most tasks, behavioral performance depends on several factors including stimulus strength, task demands, and also the amount of expertise. Here, we investigated how these different impacted neural modulations early sensory post-sensory processing. To address this question, recorded encephalography (EEG) from human subjects performing a perceptual decision-making used two event-related potentials (ERPs): an visual negativity (VN) late centro-parietal positivity (CPP) as neuromarkers for...

Summary A prerequisite for intelligent behaviour is to understand how stimuli are related and generalise this knowledge across contexts. Generalisation can be challenging when relational patterns shared contexts but exist on different physical scales. Here, we studied neural representations in humans recurrent networks performing a magnitude comparison task, which it was advantageous concepts of “more” or “less” between Using multivariate analysis human brain signals network hidden unit...

Visual attention allows organisms to more efficiently process behaviorally relevant stimuli. Several studies indicate that pre-stimulus alpha oscillations adjust the state of visual (Van Dijk et al 2008, Busch 2009, Mathewson 2009) and somatosensory (Haegens 2011) systems through top down attentional control (Capotosto 2009). Specifically, band activity is involved in engagement disengagement specific regions according anticipated processing needs (Thut 2006), perhaps via an anticipatory...

Iconic memory is a quickly decaying, fragile trace with larger capacity than standard working (Sperling 1961). This transient visual buffer plays key role in temporal integration (Nikolic et al 2009) and change detection (Urakawak 2010) more generally the consolidation of information into durable forms. In addition, several recent studies have identified alpha-band (8-12 Hz) rhythmicity behavioral performance when subjects are asked to detect near-threshold stimulus (Fiebelkorn 2013, Laundau...

Rhythmic neural activity in the alpha band (8-13 Hz) is thought to play an important role selective processing of sensory information. Posterior oscillations seem regulate visual information transfer, where increased amplitude reflect a concurrent increase inhibitory mechanisms and decreased perceptual sensitivity (Klimesch et al 2007 for review). Additionally, increases frequency have been associated with heightened both between within subjects (Samaha & Postle 2016). However, it unknown...