Directed energy deposition (DED) has been employed to produce AISI 316L samples. Microstructure and primary cellular arm spacing (PCAS) are studied analysing the relationship with cooling rate at different heights of DED processed stainless steel sample. It is found that, by increasing distance from substrate, PCAS sample increases 2.9 4.5 μm, as a consequence decreased thermal gradient. On other hand, in last deposited layers, decreases 3.3 because changes mechanisms. The phase composition...

In this paper, an economic dispatch problem for total operation cost minimization in dc microgrids is formulated. An operating associated with each generator the microgrid, including utility grid, combining cost-efficiency of system demand response requirements utility. The power flow model included optimization problem, thus transmission losses can be considered generation dispatch. By considering primary (local) control grid-forming converters a optimal parameters directly applied to...

The influence of state feedback coupling in the dynamics performance power converters for stand-alone microgrids is investigated. Computation and pulsewidth-modulated (PWM) delays are main factors that limit achievable bandwidth current regulators digital implementations. In particular, decoupling degraded because these delays. Two techniques to improve transient response system investigated, named nonideal ideal capacitor voltage decoupling, respectively. latter solution consists leading on...

Together, advanced technologies and metallic materials rapidly progress in the field of Laser Powder Bed Fusion (PBF-LB) additive manufacturing (AM). Although PBF-LB drastically shortens design-to-manufacture time, post-processing operations on metal parts, including heat-treatments, are often labour intensive time-consuming. Therefore, we assess feasibility conductingin-situ heat-treatments during AlSi10Mg parts. A build plate heated at set temperatures up to 500 °C was employed while...

The decoupling of the capacitor voltage and inductor current has been shown to improve significantly dynamic performance source inverters in standalone applications. However, computation pulse width modulation delays still limit achievable bandwidth. In this paper, a discrete-time domain modeling an LC plant with consideration delay sample-and-hold effects on state feedback cross-coupling is derived. From formulation, controllers wide bandwidth good relative stability properties are...

Definition of the main process parameters, laser power (P), scanning speed (v), hatching distance (hd) and strategy useful for producing dense samples, is fundamental to develop novel alloy compositions Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF). The present work has two aims: on one side, verify processability a new AlSi10Mg + 4Cu mixed powders by LBPF; other basis experimental analysis, define method processing alloys. Producing Single Scan Tracks (SSTs), samples with unidirectional 67° rotated...

In this work, a high strength Al alloy was successfully processed via in-situ alloying of AlSi10Mg and Cu elemental powders during Laser Powder Bed Fusion. To get superior strength, 4 wt% added to composition benefit from the additional solid solution precipitation strengthening mechanisms induced by atoms. Microstructure, chemical composition, hardness, tensile properties as-built samples were firstly determined. The microstructure showed dual eutectic formed Si precipitates intermixed with...

Voltage and current control loops play an important role in the performance of microgrids employing power electronics voltage source inverters. Correct design feedback is essential for proper operation these systems. This paper analyzes influence state cross-coupling resonant regulators inner converters operating standalone microgrids. It also demonstrated that effect degrades by increasing steady-state error. Different structures are analyzed compared, performing experimental tests to...

In this paper, an optimal power flow problem is formulated in order to minimize the total operation cost by considering real-time pricing DC microgrids. Each generation resource system, including utility grid, modeled terms of cost, which combines cost-efficiency system with demand response requirements utility. By primary (local) control grid-forming converters a microgrid, parameters can be directly applied level, thus achieving higher accuracy and faster response. The optimization solved...

Recent works have shown that the state-feedback decoupling of capacitor voltage allows for drastic bandwidth enlarging current controllers grid-forming converters in islanded microgrids. Furthermore, Smith predictor and lead compensation been also proved as very effective implementations compensating controller delays. These features are key to fulfill demanding requirements terms regulation applications. This work deepens discrete-time domain modeling implementation issues above-mentioned...

This paper proposes an optimization-based decision support strategy to enhance the management of distributed energy sources islanded microgrid. The solutions provided by optimization algorithm are compared with current strategy, already implemented in a real site microgrid on Lencois' island/Brazil. Significant economic and savings achieved when optimal diesel generator is performed.

This work presents an application of a swarm optimization method to solve the optimal power flow problem taking into account constraints frequency and line ampacity in three-phase islanded Microgrids. Each generation unit is equipped with Power Electronics Interface. In considered formulation, droop control parameters are as variables be adjusted by higher level, while kept rated bounds. Another typical constraint for OPF max each line, also considered. Two case studies different dimensions...

Laser beam powder bed fusion (PBF-LB) of AlSi10Mg has attained technology maturity in various industries. Nevertheless, the manufactured components often require thermal treatments to tailor their microstructures and mechanical properties. Experimental development suitable cycles for printed parts is time energy intensive. However, characteristic microstructure produced by PBF-LB resembles that gas-atomised powder. Therefore, this study presents an in-depth investigation on correlation...

Energy Storage is the best candidate to improve renewable energy penetration and moderate intermittent generation problems supporting match between demand production. This paper addresses optimal storage operations scheduling based on load production forecast. Stored controlled minimize input from grid maximizing revenue selling energy. work proposes an solution Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) algorithm enabling battery respond external signals, e.g. price or basis of trades. feature highly...

This work analyzes the thermal and electrical consumptions of residential buildings located in town Turin (northwest Italy). The aim is to create mathematical models evaluate monthly behavior energy consumption as a function two predictable variables. In evaluation different variables, climatic data were chosen: average temperature daily solar irradiation. Two multiple linear regression have been determined, one using standardized variables how influence electric buildings. fields...

Laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) additive manufacturing has reached wide-scale technology readiness for various sectors. However, some challenges posed by the complex nature of process persist. Limited studies investigated correlation between micro- and macroscopic properties L-PBF AlSi10Mg parts features’ sizes with build orientation in mind. Therefore, this study presents a comprehensive view on “size effect” samples larger than those available literature (up to 12 mm) defects,...