The injection of energetic neutral deuterium atoms will be one the major heating methods ITER plasma. 1 MeV, 16.5 MW atom beam obtained by acceleration and collisional neutralization negative ions extracted from an inductively coupled low-temperature plasma source. This ion source is composed driver volumes where RF (radio-frequency) power to electrons, expansion chamber including a magnetic filter, extraction grids. In this paper we present first results 2D fluid model single-driver...

A numerical model of sheath expansion and plasma decay in a bounded subjected to linearly increasing voltage has been developed. Numerical results obtained with hybrid-MB (Maxwell–Boltzmann electrons, particle ions Poisson's equations) are compared analytical theory from particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations. The is similar models used for immersion ion implantation except that due losses the electrodes taken into account. comparisons more accurate much time consuming PIC show provides very...

Version 5.1 of Spacecraft Plasma Interaction Software (SPIS) has been recently released and is freely available for download to the whole community. It outcome European Space Agency studies, SPIS-Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO) SPIS-SCI, several contributions from Network in Europe community members. also relies on a Centre national d'études spatiales-sponsored activity identify user needs industry charging analysis. SPIS now used much wider scope applications than initially expected,...

In this paper, the electrostatic sheath of a simplified spacecraft is investigated for heliocentric distances varying from 0.044 to 1 AU, using 3-D Particle in Cell software Satellite-Plasma Interaction System. The baseline context prediction effects on solar wind measurements various missions, including Solar Probe Plus mission (perihelion at AU sun) and Orbiter (SO) 0.28 AU). potential could interfere with low-energy (a few tens eV) plasma measurements, by biasing particle distribution...

The spacecraft-plasma interaction simulator has been improved to allow for the simulation of lunar and asteroid dust emission, transport, deposition, with a spacecraft on or close surface. physics charging forces that they are subject carefully implemented in code. It is both tool address risks faced by probes surface study transport physics. We hereby present details code as well interface improvements user-friendly insertion topology lander domain. A realistic case presented highlights...

During the postarc dielectric recovery phase in a vacuum circuit breaker, cathode sheath forms and expels plasma from electrode gap. The success or failure of current breaking depends on how efficiently is expelled expansion can be compared to immersion ion implantation except that collisions between charged particles atoms generated by evaporation may become important breaker. In this paper, we show plays significant role dynamics context not only because particle transport no longer...

After a high-current interruption in vacuum circuit breaker (VCB), the electrode gap is filled with high density copper vapor plasma large (∼1022 m−3). The sustained by evaporation. During post-arc phase, rapidly increasing voltage applied to gap, and sheath forms expands, expelling from when breaking successful. There is, however, risk of breakdown during that leading failure VCB. Preventing phase an important issue for improvement VCB reliability. In this paper, we analyze Townsend using...

A physical flashover (FO) simulator has been developed by ONERA/DESP and CNES. The objective of this is to represent the missing cells when testing small coupons in laboratory. aim paper present results a parametric study which performed on sample constituted solar-array coupon made six large surface metallized polymeric film. Experiments were facility called JONAS 9-m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> vacuum chamber...

Since the last version, numerical core and user interface of Spacecraft Plasma Interaction Software (SPIS) have been significantly improved to achieve two objectives: 1) make SPIS more friendly robust for industrial use 2) extend multiscale capabilities precision solvers in order model a large range scientific missions. The new algorithm modeling are presented detail. This version permits time variations plasma environment, spinning spacecraft, semitransparent grids, secondary emission from...

The post-arc phase of a vacuum circuit breaker is critical for dielectric recovery in the context medium voltage current interruption. A 2-D hybrid model aimed at understanding this and evaluating risk circuit-breaking failure during has been developed. In paper, we show how expels plasma from gap illustrate influence shield polarity.

When a primary discharge occurs on solar array, it is important to understand what would be the maximum flashover expansion. This value then representative of in-flight scenarios full panel size. paper presents results experimental campaign performed in frame European Space Agency EMAGS3 project "Flash-over evaluation large panels" and where we measure flashovers different conditions real-solar panel. conducted vacuum chamber Industrieanlagen-Betriebsgesellschaft mbH (IABG) (Germany) 4 × 2 m...

BETs is a three-year project financed by the Space Program of European Commission, aimed at developing an efficient deorbit system that could be carried on board any future satellite launched into Low Earth Orbit (LEO). The operational involves conductive tape-tether left bare to establish anodic contact with ambient plasma as giant Langmuir probe. As part this project, we are carrying out both numerical and experimental approaches estimate collected current positive tether. This paper deals...

Spacecraft charging in GEO particularly concerns dielectric surfaces that may charge to significant voltages relative spacecraft ground because of the space environment. Testing materials helps define level risk and maintain confidence a spacecraft's immunity damaging effects. Another factor defining involves numerical simulation charging. Several tools aim calculate surface charging, which is hazardous harsh environments produced by geomagnetic sub storms, where particles energy range few...

This paper describes the results analysis obtained during experimental campaign conducted in frame of ESA EMAGS3 project “Flash-over (FO) evaluation on large solar panels.” A numerical model has been developed order to better understand characteristics so-called FO phenomenon. The results, presented detail a companion paper, are analyzed correlation with present model. basic based assumption plasma bubble expansion vacuum propagation. holds two-dimensional Cartesian mesh representing surface...

This paper defines a series of severe plasma environments in terms spacecraft surface charging geostationary orbit. In-flight measurements are used to extract associated with large absolute potentials and fluxes. An exhaustive list events is selected over 15 years Los Alamos National Laboratory data between the 1990s 2000s. Electron spectra compared literature guidelines, especially strong event measured by Spacecraft Charging at High Altitude satellite 1979. The impact on telecommunications...

The physical mechanisms leading to the onset of primary electrostatic discharges (ESDs) are investigated. breakdown voltages obtained in numerical simulation compared experimental evidences. inception voltage an ESD, i.e., minimum voltage, is estimated experimentally using innovative method create inverted potential gradient (IPG) situation. An ultraviolet source has been set CEDRE chamber Office National d'Etudes et Recherches Aérospatiales reproduce IPG situation by photoemission (as...

Abstract Recent high‐altitude observations, made by the Lunar Dust Experiment (LDEX) experiment on board LADEE orbiting Moon, indicate that (&gt;10 km) dust particle densities are well correlated with interplanetary impacts. They show no evidence of high density suggested Apollo 15 and 17 observations possibly explained electrostatic forces imposed plasma environment photon irradiation. This paper deals near‐surface conditions below domain observation LDEX where could clearly be at play. The...

A key aspect of dust adhesion to space equipment is the accumulation charge under plasma environment. Recent models and experiments show possible negative charging grains vacuum ultra-violet (VUV) illumination. Macroscopic potential measurements conducted during a test campaign that both positive average can be reached VUV mymargin irradiation pending on chamber configuration, suggesting situations exist at lunar surface. Simulations microscopic scale are with SPIS software evaluate...

In this paper, the development of a 1-D physical and numerical model is presented for description charge transport ionization processes irradiated space used polymers (Teflon FEP Kapton HN). This extends previous circuit described by Hanna et al. relies on solid-state physics. aims at predicting charging behavior dielectric materials under radiation conditions. A validation carried out through crossed comparisons with experimental data surface potentials, conductivity bulk distribution. For...

A 3-year Project financed by the European Commission is aimed at developing a universal system to de-orbit satellites their end of life, as fundamental contribution limit increase debris in Space environment. The operational involves conductive tapetether left bare establish anodic contact with ambient plasma giant Langmuir probe. will size three disparate dimensions tape for selected mission and determine scaling laws allow design general mission. Starting second year, selection carried out...

The energy balance measurement of electron emission at a wall submitted to impact low incident is topic interest for miscellaneous technological applications. This article points out the experimental protocol, biases corrections and post-process needed obtain reproducible quantitative measurements. measurements have been performed electrons between 5 eV 105 three samples materials: silver, graphite SiO2. These show that absorbs more high than Results are presented mono-energetic beam...

A new model of dielectric conductivities has been implemented in SPIS-IC. It allows modeling the time-dependent behavior charge transport and electric potential inside payload components under realistic radiation environments space. The simulation results have compared to experiments on four validation cases going from simple 1-D geometry more complex 3-D such as a d-type connector. comparison shows good agreement most cases, discrepancies are explained certain cases. Finally, analyzed term...

Flashover corresponds to the differential charging neutralization of dielectric parts on satellite surfaces when an electrostatic discharge (ESD) is triggered. In solar panels, it supposed have effects cells aging and secondary arc occurrence. Laboratory experiments show that flashover propagation sometimes involves whole charged surface, but generally partial in terms charge amount covered surface. An assumption made these are never plain due many discontinuities as for intercell gaps,...

A 2D model of sheath expansion and plasma decay for transient recovery voltages has been developed in order to improve understanding the physical phenomena related post-arc phase. This new considers charged neutral particles produced during arcing period, electrode evaporation also collisions between species metal vapor atoms. New simulation results are presented 20 mm diameter copper electrodes various surface temperature profiles. Sheath evolution, residual density, current electric field...