C. L. Ruiz
A5055160807- Laser-Plasma Interactions and Diagnostics
- Nuclear Physics and Applications
- Magnetic confinement fusion research
- Particle accelerators and beam dynamics
- High-pressure geophysics and materials
- Ion-surface interactions and analysis
- Nuclear reactor physics and engineering
- Laser-Matter Interactions and Applications
- Laser-induced spectroscopy and plasma
- Pulsed Power Technology Applications
- Atomic and Subatomic Physics Research
- Fusion materials and technologies
- Radiation Detection and Scintillator Technologies
- X-ray Spectroscopy and Fluorescence Analysis
- Cold Fusion and Nuclear Reactions
- Particle Accelerators and Free-Electron Lasers
- Particle Detector Development and Performance
- Atomic and Molecular Physics
- Plasma Diagnostics and Applications
- Electrostatic Discharge in Electronics
- Astro and Planetary Science
- Traumatic Ocular and Foreign Body Injuries
- Gyrotron and Vacuum Electronics Research
- Superconducting Materials and Applications
- Mass Spectrometry Techniques and Applications
Sandia National Laboratories
2012-2024
Hospital Sant Joan de Déu Barcelona
2023
Jet Propulsion Laboratory
2020
Sandia National Laboratories California
2004-2018
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
2014-2018
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
2014-2018
University of New Mexico
2007-2018
Target (United States)
2004-2014
General Atomics (United States)
2006-2014
CEA DAM Île-de-France
2014
This Letter presents results from the first fully integrated experiments testing magnetized liner inertial fusion concept [S. A. Slutz et al., Phys. Plasmas 17, 056303 (2010)], in which a cylinder of deuterium gas with preimposed 10 T axial magnetic field is heated by Z beamlet, 2.5 kJ, 1 TW laser, and magnetically imploded 19 MA, 100 ns rise time current on facility. Despite predicted peak implosion velocity only 70 km/s, fuel reaches stagnation temperature approximately 3 keV, Te≈Ti,...
The Z accelerator [R. B. Spielman, W. A. Stygar, J. F. Seamen et al., Proceedings of the 11th International Pulsed Power Conference, Baltimore, MD, 1997, edited by G. Cooperstein and I. Vitkovitsky (IEEE, Piscataway, NJ, 1997), Vol. 1, p. 709] at Sandia National Laboratories delivers ∼20MA load currents to create high magnetic fields (>1000T) pressures (megabar gigabar). In a z-pinch configuration, pressure (the Lorentz force) supersonically implodes plasma created from cylindrical...
DT neutron yield (Y(n)), ion temperature (T(i)), and down-scatter ratio (dsr) determined from measured spectra are essential metrics for diagnosing the performance of inertial confinement fusion (ICF) implosions at National Ignition Facility (NIF). A suite neutron-time-of-flight (nTOF) spectrometers a magnetic recoil spectrometer (MRS) have been implemented in different locations around NIF target chamber, providing good implosion coverage complementarity required reliable measurements Y(n),...
High current pulsed-power generators efficiently store and deliver magnetic energy to z-pinch targets. We review applications of magnetically driven implosions (MDIs) inertial confinement fusion. Previous research on MDIs wire-array z-pinches for radiation-driven indirect-drive target designs is summarized. Indirect-drive are compared with new targets that imploded by direct application pressure produced the pulse. describe design elements such as larger absorbed energy, magnetized...
We present experimental results from the first systematic study of performance scaling with drive parameters for a magnetoinertial fusion concept. In magnetized liner inertial experiments, burn-averaged ion temperature doubles to 3.1 keV and primary deuterium-deuterium neutron yield increases by more than an order magnitude 1.1×10^{13} (2 kJ deuterium-tritium equivalent) through simultaneous increase in applied magnetic field (from 10.4 15.9 T), laser preheat energy 0.46 1.2 kJ), current...
Experiments on the Z accelerator with deuterium gas puff implosions have produced up to 3.9×1013(±20%) neutrons at 2.34 MeV (±0.10MeV). Experimentally, mechanism for generating these has not been definitively identified through isotropy measurements, but activation diagnostics suggest multiple mechanisms may be responsible. One-, two-, and three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) calculations indicated that thermonuclear outputs from could expected in (0.3–1.0)×1014 range. X-ray of plasma...
Neutron yields are measured at the National Ignition Facility (NIF) by an extensive suite of neutron activation diagnostics. Neutrons interact with materials whose reaction cross sections threshold just below fusion production energy, providing accurate measure primary unscattered neutrons without contribution from lower-energy scattered neutrons. Indium samples mounted on diagnostic instrument manipulators in NIF target chamber, 25–50 cm source, to 2.45 MeV deuterium-deuterium through...
X-ray imaging indicates magnetized liner inertial fusion (MagLIF) stagnation columns have a complicated quasi-helical structure with significant variations in x-ray brightness along the column. In this work, we describe MagLIF experiments aimed at controlling these structures by varying initial geometry and composition. First, aspect ratio of liner, demonstrate change that is consistent helical magneto Rayleigh–Taylor (MRT) instabilities feedthrough from outer-to-inner surfaces liner....
Evidence for the first production of thermonuclear neutrons by $Z$-pinch dynamic hohlraum driven deuterium-filled capsules is presented. The average neutron energy and yield isotropy measured consistent with fusion production. addition Xe gas to certain suppressed yields an order magnitude, a process. ion temperature deduced from distribution was $4.8\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.5\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{k}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{V}$ typical were $1--5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{10}$.
Hot dense capsule implosions driven by z-pinch x-rays have been measured for the first time. A ~220 eV dynamic hohlraum imploded 1.7-2.1 mm diameter gas-filled CH capsules which absorbed up to ~20 kJ of x-rays. Argon tracer atom spectra were used measure Te~ 1keV electron temperature and ne ~ 1-4 x10^23 cm-3 density. Spectra from multiple directions provide core symmetry estimates. Computer simulations agree well with peak compression values Te, ne, symmetry, indicating reasonable...
A deuterium gas-puff load imploded by a multi-MA current driver from large initial diameter could be powerful source of fusion neutrons, plasma neutron (PNS). Unlike the beam-target neutrons produced in Z-pinch plasmas 1950s and deuterium-fiber experiments 1980s, generated gas-puffs with levels achieved recent on Z facility at Sandia National Laboratories contain substantial fraction thermonuclear origin. For shots Z, our analytic estimates one- two-dimensional simulations predict thermal...
The National Ignition Facility (NIF) will provide up to 1.8MJ of laser energy for imploding inertial confinement fusion (ICF) targets. Ignited NIF targets are expected produce 1019 DT neutrons. This unprecedented opportunities and challenges the use nuclear diagnostics in ICF experiments. In 2005, suite nuclear-ignition was defined they under development through collaborative efforts at several institutions. includes PROTEX copper activation primary yield measurements, a magnetic recoil...
The National Ignition Facility has been used to compress deuterium-tritium an average areal density of ~1.0±0.1 g cm(-2), which is 67% the ignition requirement. These conditions were obtained using 192 laser beams with total energy 1-1.6 MJ and peak power up 420 TW create a hohlraum drive shaped profile, peaking at soft x-ray radiation temperature 275-300 eV. This pulse delivered series shocks that compressed capsule containing cryogenic radius 25-35 μm. Neutron images implosion estimate...
Magnetized Liner Inertial Fusion (MagLIF) is a magneto-inertial fusion concept, which presently being studied on the Z Pulsed Power Facility. The concept utilizes an axial magnetic field and laser heating to produce fusion-relevant conditions at stagnation despite peak magnetically driven implosion velocity of less than 100 km/s. Initial experiments demonstrated viability but left open questions about amount energy coupled fuel role that mix played in conditions. In this paper, simple...
In the concept of dynamic hohlraum an imploding Z pinch is optically thick to its own radiation. Radiation may be trapped inside give a radiation temperature greater than that outside pinch. The typically produced by colliding outer Z-pinch liner onto inner liner. collision generates strongly radiating shock, and As implosion continues after collision, continue increase due ongoing PdV (pressure times change in volume) work done implosion. principal, point at which burns through, becomes...
A radiation source has been developed on the 20-MA Z facility that produces a high-power x-ray pulse, generated in axial direction primarily from interior of collapsing dynamic hohlraum (DH). The is created solid cylindrical CH2 target centered within an imploding tungsten wire-array pinch. Analyses and interpretation measurements made generation radiated have done using radiation-magnetohydrodynamic-code simulations r-z plane take account magnetic Rayleigh–Taylor (RT) instability. These...
A dynamic hohlraum is formed when an imploding annular cylindrical Z-pinch driven plasma collides with internal low density convertor. This collision generates inward traveling shock wave that emits x rays, which are trapped by the optically thick and can be used to drive inertial fusion capsule embedded in scheme has potential efficiently high yield capsules due close coupling between intense radiation generation capsule. In prior experiments [J. E. Bailey et al., Phys. Rev Lett. 89, 095004...
The radiation and shock generated by impact of an annular tungsten $Z$-pinch plasma on a 10-mm diam $5\mathrm{\text{\ensuremath{-}}}\mathrm{m}\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{c}\mathrm{c}$ $\mathrm{C}{\mathrm{H}}_{\mathrm{2}}$ foam are diagnosed with x-ray imaging power measurements. radiative was virtually unaffected instabilities. 5-ns-duration $\ensuremath{\sim}135\mathrm{\text{\ensuremath{-}}}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{V}$ field imploded 2.1-mm-diam CH capsule. measured temperature, radius, capsule radius...
Experiments on the Z accelerator with deuterium gas-puff implosions have produced up to 3.7×1013 (±20%) neutrons at 2.34MeV (±0.10MeV). Although mechanism for generating these was not definitively identified, this neutron output is 100 times more than previously observed from neutron-producing experiments Z. Dopant gases in (argon and chlorine) were used study implosion characteristics stagnated plasma conditions through x-ray yield measurements spectroscopy. Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD)...
By magnetizing the fusion fuel in inertial confinement (ICF) systems, required stagnation pressure and density can be relaxed dramatically. This happens because magnetic field insulates hot from cold pusher traps charged burn products. trapping allows products to deposit their energy fuel, facilitating plasma self-heating. Here, we report on a comprehensive theory of this cylindrical DD magnetized with purely axial field. Using theory, are able show that secondary reactions used infer...
Magnetized Liner Inertial Fusion experiments performed at Sandia's Z facility have demonstrated significant thermonuclear fusion neutron yields (∼1012 DD neutrons) from multi-keV deuterium plasmas inertially confined by slow (∼10 cm/μs), stable, cylindrical implosions. Effective magnetic confinement of charged reactants and products is signaled high secondary DT above 1010. Analysis extensive power, imaging, spectroscopic x-ray measurements provides a detailed picture ∼3 keV temperatures,...
The Magnetized Liner Inertial Fusion concept (MagLIF) [Slutz et al., Phys. Plasmas 17, 056303 (2010)] is being studied on the Z facility at Sandia National Laboratories. Neutron yields greater than 1012 have been achieved with a drive current in range of 17–18 MA and pure deuterium fuel [Gomez Rev. Lett. 113, 155003 (2014)]. We show that 2D simulated are about twice best obtained likely cause this difference mix material into fuel. Mitigation strategies presented. Previous numerical studies...
Three hohlraum concepts are being pursued at Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) to investigate the possibility of using pulsed power driven magnetic implosions (Z pinches) drive targets capable fusion yields in range 200-1000 MJ. This research is conducted on SNL's Z facility, which driving peak currents 20 MA various pinch load configurations that produce implosion velocities as high 7.5 × 107cm/s, X ray energies 1-2 MJ and powers 100-250 TW. The first concept, denoted dynamic hohlraum, has...
Z-pinch dynamic hohlraums are a promising indirect-drive inertial confinement fusion approach. Comparison of multiple experimental methods with integrated Z-pinch∕hohlraum∕capsule computer simulations builds understanding the hohlraum interior conditions. Time-resolved x-ray images determine motion radiating shock that heats as it propagates toward axis. The also measure radius radiation-driven capsules they implode. Dynamic LASNEX [G. Zimmerman and W. Kruer, Comments Plasma Phys. Control....
The Z-pinch dynamic hohlraum (ZPDH) is a high-power x-ray source that has been used in variety of high energy-density experiments including inertial confinement fusion (ICF) studies. system consists tungsten wire-array Z pinch implodes onto low-density CH2 foam converter launching radiating shock heats the to radiation temperatures >200 eV. Through time-gated pinhole camera measurements, mean speed measured from 28 be 326 ± 4 µm ns−1 with shot-to-shot standard deviation 7%. Broad-band...