In this article the principles of field operation and manipulation (FOAM) C++ class library for continuum mechanics are outlined. Our intention is to make it as easy possible develop reliable efficient computational continuum-mechanics codes: achieved by making top-level syntax code close conventional mathematical notation tensors partial differential equations. Object-orientation techniques enable creation data types that closely mimic those mechanics, operator overloading in allows normal...

Time-dependent models of cooling flows in elliptical galaxies are presented. In these distributed mass drop-out is not permitted and we follow Ciotti et al. assuming that the rate supernova heating declines faster than at which dying stars inject into ISM. Consequently, move from outflow to inflow ultimately a central catastrophe. We investigate dependence this evolution upon current rate, its extrapolation past, on intergalactic pressure. find very sensitive pressures expected order,...

Recently, a number of studies have indicated that Large Eddy Simulation (LES) models are fairly insensitive to the adopted Subgrid Scale (SGS) models. In order study this and gain further insight into LES, simulations forced decaying homogeneous isotropic turbulence been performed for Taylor Re numbers between 35 248 using various SGS models, representative contemporary state art. The predictive capability LES concept is analyzed by comparison with DNS data results obtained from theoretical...

The existence of a hot X-ray emitting gas phase in giant elliptical galaxies has long been recognized, but its structure and dynamics are still controversial. We explore the possibility that is heated from below, causing it to convect. This leads two-component model which cooling flow feeds into an adiabatic core. heat source for this core taken be central black hole. applied three with best data Einstein observatory: NGC 4472,4636 4649. In our models 4636, flows inwards at all radii, while...

This paper presents the results of experimental and numerical investigation interactions between surface flood flow in urban areas below ground drainage systems (sewer pipes manholes). An rig has been set up at Water Engineering Laboratory University Sheffield. It consists a full scale gully structure with inlet grating, which connects 8 m(2) area pipe underneath that can function as an outfall is also further connected to tank so it come under surcharging conditions cause outflow from...

Previous experimental research on the effects of debris pier scour has focused primarily circular and rectangular piers with present just under flow free surface. Debris-induced around sharp-nose piers, which are typical masonry bridge effect elevation have seldom been studied before. This paper aims to fill this knowledge gap. It presents results from flume experiments investigating a shallow conditions angle attack relative being zero. Uniform sand is used as bed material. Debris modeled...

Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) has numerous applications in the field of energy research, modelling basic physics combustion, multiphase flow and heat transfer; simulation mechanical devices such as turbines, wind wave tidal devices, other for generation. With constant increase available computing power, fidelity accuracy CFD simulations have constantly improved, technique is now an integral part research development. In past few years, development multiscale methods emerged a topic...

The rise in the human population, its density and scarcity of resources require cost-effective solutions for sustainable energy water resources. Smart agriculture is one important factor future green cities to tackle climate change as a solution save water. However, greenhouses (GH) consistent ventilation due their internal temperatures, this can be an energy-intensive operation. Therefore, it necessary analyse potential factors involved. In study, effect vent configuration mono-span...

The lymphatic system comprises a series of elements, lymphangions, separated by valves and possessed active, contractile walls to pump interstitial fluid from its collection in the terminal lymphatics back main circulation. Despite importance, there is dearth information on dynamics system. In this article, we describe linked experimental computational work aimed at elucidating biomechanical properties individual lymphangions. We measure static dynamic mechanical excised bovine collecting...

In this study, two different turbulence methodologies are investigated to predict transitional flow in a 75% stenosed axisymmetric experimental arterial model and slightly modified version of the with an eccentric stenosis. Large eddy simulation (LES) Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) methods were applied; LES simulations viscosity subgrid-scale models employed (basic dynamic Smagorinsky) while RANS method involved correlation-based hybrid k-ε/k-ω model. The used 410,000 820,000 element...

In this work a combination of micro-CT, image-based modeling and CFD has been applied to investigate the phenomena occurring at micro-scale level in two different porous substrates: open-cell foams unstructured filtering media. These substrates are interest internal combustion engine field for application after-treatment systems. Open-cell allow achieving higher ratio between reactants conversion pressure drop across catalyst. compared traditional honeycombs. On other hand, media, made...

The aim of this study is to examine unsteady wake flows by means large eddy simulation (LES). In particular, the flow around a square prism in channel at prism-height Reynolds number 2.14 x 10 4 studied using different subgrid scale (SGS) models and grids. Results from first- second-order statistical moments velocity are validated against two sets experimental data compared with Reynolds-average simulations. All LES correctly reproduce resolvable velocity, global parameters, such as lift...