Carriage of Helicobacter pylori strains producing more active (s1/i1) forms VacA is strongly associated with gastric adenocarcinoma. To our knowledge, we are the first to determine effects different polymorphic on inflammation and metaplasia in mouse stomach. Bacteria less s2/i2 form colonized mice efficiently than mutants null for or it, providing evidence a positive role minimally toxin. Strains toxin induced severe extensive stomach weakly (s2/i2) We also examined association humans,...

ABSTRACT Persistent Helicobacter pylori infection induces chronic inflammation in the human gastric mucosa, which is associated with development of peptic ulceration, atrophy, and adenocarcinoma. It has been postulated that secretion immunomodulatory molecules by H. facilitates bacterial persistence, membrane vesicles (MV), have potential to cross epithelial barrier, may mediate delivery these host immune cells. However, MV effects on cells remain largely uncharacterized date. In present...

Abstract Background Inappropriate use of antimicrobials in both humans and animals is a key driver antimicrobial resistance (AMR). In addition, human behaviours such as poor disposal the environment can increase their exposure to microbes which impact on animals. However, evidence access, for at community level Uganda limited. This study therefore explored among Wakiso district, Uganda. Methods A qualitative was conducted that involved focus group discussions (FGDs) informant interviews...

Campylobacter jejuni outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) contain numerous virulence-associated proteins including the cytolethal distending toxin and three serine proteases. As C. lacks classical secretion systems of other enteric pathogens that deliver effectors directly into target cells, OMVs may have a particularly important role in virulence. OMV production is stimulated by presence physiological concentrations bile salt sodium taurocholate (ST) through an unknown mechanism. The maintenance...

Helicobacter pylori infections are usually established in early childhood and continuously stimulate immunity, including T-helper 1 (Th1), Th17 regulatory T-cell (Treg) responses, throughout life. Although known to be the major cause of peptic ulcer disease gastric cancer, occurs a minority those who infected. Recently there has been much interest beneficial effects arising from infection with this pathogen. Published data robustly show that is protective against asthma mouse models....

Antimicrobial stewardship (AMS), as one of the global strategies to promote responsible use antimicrobials prevent antimicrobial resistance (AMR), remains poor in many low-and middle-income countries (LMICs). We implemented a project aimed at strengthening AMS Wakiso district, Uganda using One Health approach. A total 86 health practitioners (HPs), including animal workers, and 227 community workers (CHWs) participated training workshops, over 300 pupils from primary schools were sensitized...

Outer-membrane vesicles (OMVs) produced by Helicobacter pylori deliver bacterial components to host cells, provide a mechanism for stabilization of secreted and may allow the bacteria exert 'long-range' effects in gastric niche, promoting persistence. In addition their well-characterized cell interactions, membrane improve stress survival other species, are constitutively both pathogenic non-pathogenic bacteria. We aimed determine whether OMVs could H. range stressors. The purified on...

Cronobacter sakazakii is associated with severe and often fatal cases of infant meningitis necrotizing enterocolitis. The form differs from that due to Neisseria meningitidis Streptococcus spp., in it highly invasive destructive towards human brain cells. However, there relatively little understanding the cytopathogenic interaction C. host cells which results stimulation an inflammatory immune response. production outer membrane vesicles (OMV) their potential pathogenic functions have not...

Novel treatment options are needed for the gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori due to its increasing antibiotic resistance. The vitamin K analogue menadione has been extensively studied interest in anti-bacterial and anti-cancer properties. Here, we investigated effects of on H. growth, viability, resistance, motility gene expression using clinical isolates. MIC was 313 µM 11/13 isolates 156 2/13 minimum bactericidal concentrations were 1.25–2.5 mM, indicating that micromolar range...

Summary The vacuolating cytotoxin, VacA , is an important virulence factor secreted by the gastric pathogen H elicobacter pylori . Certain vac A genotypes are strongly associated with disease risk, but association not absolute. factors determining gene expression fully understood, and mechanisms of its regulation elusive. We have identified a potential m RNA stem‐loop forming structure in 5′ untranslated region ( UTR ) transcript. Using site‐directed mutagenesis, we found that disruption...

Individuals infected with Helicobacter pylori harbor unique and diverse populations of quasispecies, but diversity between within different regions the human stomach process bacterial adaptation to each location are not yet well understood. We applied whole-genome deep sequencing characterize within- between-stomach region genetic H. from paired antrum corpus biopsies 15 patients, along single one an additional 3 by scanning allelic diversity. combined population more conventional multiple...

Introduction.Helicobacter pylori is the leading cause of peptic ulcers and gastric cancer. The most common treatment regimens use combinations two or three antibiotics a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) to suppress stomach acid. World Health Organization designated clarithromycin-resistant H. as high priority pathogen for drug development, due increasing antibiotic resistance globally.Hypothesis/Gap Statement. There no routine surveillance primary antimicrobial sensitivities in UK, published data...

Introduction.Helicobacter pylori is highly polymorphic, and some strains are much more likely to cause disease than others. Biofilm formation can help bacteria survive antibiotic treatment, immune attack other stresses, promoting persistent infection.Hypothesis/Gap Statement. We hypothesized that H. isolates from patients with severe pylori-associated would be better at forming biofilms less disease.Aim. initially aimed determine whether or not the biofilm-forming ability of was associated...

Private pharmacies are the first point of contact for public regarding acquisition medicines and other pharmaceuticals in many low- middle-income countries including Uganda. Most antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) programmes Uganda have targeted health facilities, with little known about private pharmacies. This study explored knowledge practices related to AMS Wakiso district, central Uganda.This was a qualitative that involved 31 in-depth interviews explore among retail pharmacy staff...

The aggregation of α-synuclein (Syn or S) to form insoluble fibrils is important in the pathogenesis Parkinson's disease, but key risk factors remain ill-defined. We have developed Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET)-based assays for aggregation, using Green Fluorescent Protein variants Cerulean (C) Venus (V), fused each other (CV, VC) human synuclein (SC, SV etc). Bacterially expressed proteins were purified homogeneity, and C-terminal fusions SC largely retained their ability...

Development of key practical skills is fundamental to bioscience courses in higher education. With limitations on access laboratory time due the COVID-19 pandemic, a “Bioskills at home” kit was developed create opportunities for first year undergraduate students develop these using online support resources guide their activities and build communities learning. Equipment this enabled practice such as pipetting, data handling, experimental design microscopy, well an peer learning community...

Despite increasing evidence on antimicrobial resistance (AMR), there is limited literature access and use in humans animals community settings globally. This study assessed knowledge perceptions of AMR, as well practices relating to the antimicrobials Wakiso district, Uganda. was a cross-sectional among 418 participants that employed quantitative data collection methods. A structured questionnaire included questions knowledge, perceptions, related used. Data analysed STATA version 10. The...

Abstract Background Supported by a Commonwealth Partnership for Antimicrobial Stewardship (CwPAMS 2) grant, our partnership team comprising members from Makerere University, Nottingham Trent Buckinghamshire Healthcare NHS Trust and Entebbe Regional Referral Hospital (ERRH) seeks to scale up enhance sustainability on antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) in Central Uganda. Building the achievements of previous CwPAMS projects, this current initiative aims at strengthening, human, animal...

Abstract Novel treatment options are needed for the gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori due to its increasing antibiotic resistance. The vitamin K analogue menadione has been extensively studied interest in antibacterial and anti-cancer properties. Here, we investigated effects of on H. growth, viability, resistance, motility gene expression using clinical isolates. minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was 313 µM 11/13 isolates 156 2/13 bactericidal concentrations were 1.25-2.5 mM,...

<h3>Introduction</h3> <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> (<i>Hp</i>) infection causes chronic asymptomatic gastritis, and may lead to peptic ulceration gastric cancer. <i>Hp</i> strains expressing more active forms of the vacuolating cytotoxin VacA are strongly associated with disease than producing less toxigenic VacA. stimulates a strong immunosuppressive interleukin-10 (IL-10) response,¹ inhibits T cell activation interleukin-2 (IL-2) production² in vitro, but exactly how...

<h3>Introduction</h3> The Gram negative bacterium <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> persistently colonises the stomachs of around half world9s population. It causes chronic asymptomatic gastritis, and leads to peptic ulceration gastric cancer in a small proportion cases. One key factors influencing development more severe pathology disease is expression virulence by colonising strain. vacuolating cytotoxin, VacA, major determinant <i>H pathogenicity highly polymorphic. Strains producing active...

We implemented a multidisciplinary project between Uganda and the UK aimed at strengthening antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) in Wakiso district, with focus on capacity building, stakeholder engagement, knowledge exchange using One Health approach. Project activities included: trainings workshops resistance (AMR), AMS, infection prevention control (IPC); Global Point Prevalence Survey (GPPS) data collection analysis; mentorship of lower level health facilities. Our demonstrated that AMS...

Klebsiella spp. are associated with 3 to 7% of nosocomial infections and can be responsible for a range conditions including pneumonia, bloodstream infections, meningitis, necrotizing enterocolitis in infants. The role pneumoniae causing disease is well-characterised but, date, the closely related species oxytoca has not received same attention, despite often encoding extended-spectrum beta-lactamases carbapenemases clinical settings. K. causative agent Clostridiodes difficile -negative...