This paper presents the intra prediction and mode coding of Versatile Video Coding (VVC) standard. standard was collaboratively developed by Joint Experts Team (JVET). It follows traditional architecture a hybrid block-based codec that also basis previous standards. Almost all features VVC either contain substantial modifications in comparison with its predecessor H.265/HEVC or were newly added. The key aspects these tools are following: 65 angular modes block shape-adaptive directions 4-tap...

In the past decade, development of transform coding techniques has achieved significant progress and several advanced tools have been adopted in new generation Versatile Video Coding (VVC) standard. this paper, a brief history during VVC standardization is presented, standard are described detail together with their initial design, incremental improvements implementation aspects. To improve efficiency, four introduced VVC, which namely Multiple Transform Selection (MTS), Low-Frequency...

The Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT), and in particular the DCT type II, has been widely used for image video compression. Although efficiently approximates optimal Karhunen–Loève transform under first-order Markov conditions with low complexity, energy packing efficiency is still limited since a fixed cannot always capture highly dynamic statistics of natural content. In this paper, to further improve efficiency, an Enhanced Multiple (EMT) scheme proposed. proposed EMT, few sinusoidal...

This paper presents a technical overview of Wide Angular Intra Prediction (WAIP) that was adopted into the test model Versatile Video Coding (VVC) standard. Due to adoption flexible block partitioning using binary and ternary splits, Unit (CU) can have either square or rectangular shape. However, conventional angular intra prediction directions, ranging from 45 degrees -135 in clockwise direction, were designed for CUs. To better optimize blocks, WAIP modes proposed enable directions beyond...

In H.264/advanced video coding, the encoder employs rate-distortion optimization (RDO) to select optimal coding mode of each block. Although it is effective employ RDO technique for decision, computation load increases drastically. To reduce complexity technique, in this paper, we propose efficient algorithms estimation block-level rate and distortion. For estimation, model transform coefficients with accurate generalized Gaussian distributions, weighted sum absolute quantized proposed as an...

In traditional image and video coding schemes, separable transforms are typically employed due to their low-complexity implementations. However, the compression efficiency of is limited for most natural image/video blocks which generally have arbitrarily directed edge texture patterns. It well known that non-separable can achieve better directional patterns, yet they computationally complex, especially larger block sizes. order higher transform gains with relatively implementations, in this...

Intra-frame prediction in the High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) standard can be empirically improved by applying sets of recursive two-dimensional filters to predicted values. However, this approach does not allow (or complicates significantly) parallel computation pixel predictions. In work we analyze why are effective, and use results derive non-recursive predictors that have superior performance. We present an extension HEVC intra combines values using non-filtered filtered (smoothed)...

Compression of the statistical redundancy among different viewpoints, i.e., inter-view redundancy, is a fundamental and critical problem in multiview three-dimensional (3D) video coding. To exploit disparity vectors are required to identify pixels same objects within two views; this way, enhancement coding tools can be efficiently employed as new modes block-based codecs achieve higher compression efficiency. Although converted from depth, it not possible since depth information considered....

The new state-of-the-art video coding standard, H.265/HEVC, has been finalized in 2013 and it achieves roughly 50% bit rate saving compared to its predecessor, H.264/MPEG-4 AVC. This paper provides the evidence that there is still potential for further efficiency improvements. A brief overview of HEVC firstly given paper. Then, our improvements on each main module are presented. For instance, recursive quadtree block structure extended support larger unit transform unit. motion information...

Intra-picture prediction as in HEVC exploits the nearest reference line adjacent to current coding unit (CU) for of samples. If this represents a discontinuity, samples can differ large extent from original and may lead error. We propose multiple lines (MRLs) allow not only 0 but also 1 3 be candidates angular intra shown Fig. 1. To reduce complexity arising additional checked at encoder side, we further restrict MRL most probable modes (MPMs) only. The signals index before mode. This allows...

The Joint Video Exploration Team (JVET) recently launched the standardization of next-generation video coding named Versatile Coding (VVC) with inherited technical framework from its predecessor High-Efficiency (HEVC). simplified Enhanced Multiple Transform (EMT) has been adopted as primary residual transform solution, termed Selection (MTS). In MTS, only set consisting DST-VII and DCT-VIII remains, excluding other sets dependency on intra prediction modes. Significant gains are achieved by...

The Joint Video Exploration Team (JVET) recently launched the standardization of next-generation video coding named Versatile Coding (VVC) in which Adaptive Multiple Transforms (AMT) is adopted as primary residual transform solution. AMT introduces multiple transforms selected from DST/DCT families and achieves noticeable gains. However, set are calculated using direct matrix multiplication induces higher run-time complexity limits application for practical codec. In this paper, a fast...

Video codec is the core engine which has been driving various video related applications for past several decades, such as online streaming and conferencing. Driven by drastic growth of global traffic improved computation power devices, evolution compression technology delivered generations coding standards. In this paper, technologies used in recent codecs are described their performance compared, including HEVC VVC developed ISO/IEC MPEG ITU-T VCEG, VP9 Google, AV1 AOM AVS3 (IEEE 1857)...

In this paper, a novel algorithm is proposed for intra-frame coding, named as rate-distortion optimized transform (RDOT). Unlike existing coding schemes where the matrices are either fixed or mode dependent, in algorithm, implemented with multiple candidate matrices. With flexibility, each residual block, encoder endowed power to select optimal matrix terms of tradeoff. The has been latest ITU-T VCEG-KTA software. Experimental results show that, over wide range test set, method achieves...

In existing video coding standards such as H.264/AVC and HEVC, the intra prediction is typically derived using fixed, symmetric filters along direction, e.g., in planar mode, top-right bottom-left samples are predicted filters. However, case of asymmetric availability neighboring reference samples, performance designed HEVC may not be optimal. To further refine achieve higher accuracy this paper proposes low-complexity refinements over prediction, which applied on frequently used planar, DC,...

In 3D-HEVC, depth modeling modes (DMM) are applied for efficient intra coding. With DMM modes, a prediction unit is partitioned into two parts, and each part predicted by single value. one mode, the partition pattern implicitly derived at decoder searching all pre-defined Wedgelet patterns on Co-located Texture Luma Block (CTLB), which increases decoding complexity drastically. To simplify design of this in paper, we propose to utilize Intra Prediction Mode (IPM) CTLB largely skip...

This paper provides a technical overview of the most probable modes (MPM)-based multiple reference line (M-MRL) intra-picture prediction that was adopted into Versatile Video Coding (VVC) standard draft at 12th JVET meeting. M-MRL applies not only nearest but also farther lines to MPMs for prediction. The highlighted aspects scheme include signaling index, discontinuous lines, sample construction and joint intra mode decisions encoder side. Experimental results are provided evaluate...

The Alliance for Open Media has recently initiated coding tool exploration activities towards the next-generation video beyond AV1. With this regard, paper presents a package of tools that have been investigated, implemented and tested on top codebase, known as libaom, which is used compression tools. proposed cover several technical areas based traditional hybrid structure, including block partitioning, prediction, transform loop filtering. are integrated package, combined gain over AV1...

For the last few decades, application of signal-adaptive transform coding to video compression has been stymied by large computational complexity matrix-based solutions. In this paper, we propose a novel parametric approach greatly reduce without degrading performance. our approach, instead following conventional technique identifying full matrices that yield best efficiency, look for parameters defining new class transforms, called HyGTs, which have low implementations are easy parallelize....

A self-calibration method of anchor positions for indoor localization is proposed. This intrinsically a two-step combination an iterative centroid method(CM) and trilateral method. Among number anchors, the distances each away from others are measured located in turn. The CM used before applying to coarsely tune initial localization. proved be converged because its state vector every step determined by previous one Markov State Transition Matrix(MSTM). With result as calculation value...

In AV1, only separable transforms are applied as primary transform. Separable transform can efficiently capture the statistical correlation of residual samples along horizontal and vertical directions. However, for typical natural image/video contents which usually present arbitrary directionality in samples, efficiency is rather limited comparing to high-complexity non-separable To with relatively lower complexity, this paper, a unified secondary scheme, customized AV1 intra coding...

A fixed set of intra prediction angles by using the reconstructed samples in adjacent reference line are employed AV1 to remove spatial redundancy video signals. Two methods proposed this paper further improve coding performance AV1. Firsly, better signal modes, only a subset modes (IPMs) allowed and signaled for each block, which is adaptively selected according IPMs neighboring blocks. Secondly, reduce errors when there strong discontinuity between current block its samples, an adaptive...

In AOMedia Video 1 (AV1), directional intra prediction modes are applied to model local texture patterns that present certain directionality. Each direction is represented with a nominal mode index and delta angle. The angle entropy coded using shared context between luma chroma, the derived associated mode. this paper, two methods proposed further reduce signaling cost of angles: cross-component coding, context-adaptive whereby spatial correlation angles explored, respectively. were...