We have synthesized a range of transition-metal-doped BiFeO(3) thin films on conducting silicon substrates using spin-coating technique from metal-organic precursor solutions. Bismuth, iron and transition-metal-organic solutions were mixed in the appropriate ratios to produce 3% samples. X-ray diffraction studies show that samples annealed nitrogen atmosphere crystallize rhombohedrally distorted structure with no evidence for any ferromagnetic secondary phase formation. find disappearance...

We report on the electronic energy-level diagram of polycrystalline ${\text{BiFeO}}_{3}$ using elemental, optical, and current-density-electric field $(J\text{\ensuremath{-}}E)$ characteristics. The composition, valence-band structure ceramics were studied x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. diffuse reflectance spectrum a mixture ${\text{BaSO}}_{4}$, used as standard, was recorded to test Kubelka-Munk model. From graph function versus wavelength, two charge-transfer bands doubly degenerated...

We report on the structural, thermal, and magnetic properties of polycrystalline BiFeO3 synthesized by sol-gel route. Powder x-ray diffraction data sample was refined with rhombohedral structure space group R3c. Magnetization coercive field measurements showed weak ferromagnetic nature below 10 K. also investigated low temperature magnetocaloric effect in ceramics. The anomalies observed entropy change ceramics were close to that phase transitions. combined relative errors are found vary...

Structural and magnetic properties of polycrystalline BiFeO3, Bi0.9Ca0.1FeO2.95, Bi0.9Ba0.05Ca0.05FeO2.95, Bi0.9Ba0.1FeO2.95 ceramic samples were studied to establish the effects doping in BiFeO3 on property. X-ray diffraction data undoped doped refined a rhombohedral structure with space group R3c. photoelectron spectroscopy study showed formation single-phase both ceramics Fe 3+ valence state. Ca Ba-Ca co-doped show weak ferromagnetic ordering at room temperature. This observation makes an...

We have investigated diffuse reflectance spectra of the polycrystalline BiFeO3, Bi0.9Ba0.05Ca0.05FeO2.95, and Bi0.9Ca0.1FeO2.95 samples to demonstrate crystal-field spectroscopy, which enabled us explore local distortion in non-centrosymmetric FeO6 octahedron, also study chemical pressure effect on band gap d-d transition energies. The energy values bands doped BiFeO3 were found red-shift with reduced unit cell volume. Absorption spectroscopic studies reveal that nature is a direct. Raman...

We grew a 2 micron thick film of single-phase BiFeO3 on Si (100) substrate by pulsed laser deposition with temperature 575 oC and an oxygen partial pressure 0.06 mbar. X ray diffraction analysis indicated that the exhibits textured growth along (110) plane possesses rhombohedral R3c structure. Investigations using scanning electron microscopy atomic force revealed average grain size about 300 nm surface roughness 18 for film. Energy dispersive estimated composition to be BiFeO2.85....

We have investigated temperature, frequency, and magnetic field dependent dielectric properties of polycrystalline Bi0.9Ca0.1FeO2.95. Two anomalies, near 65 K 260 K, were observed with the anomaly exhibiting distinct frequency dependence as peak temperature shifts increasing frequency. The low-temperature relaxation data that can be fitted to a Vogel-Fulcher expression yielding characteristic time ∼10−8 s are four orders larger than pure BiFeO3 which may resultant chemical pressure induced...

We have studied the effects of Cu substitution on thermoelectric properties Ti50Ni50-xCux (0 ≤ x 30 at. %) shape memory alloys by means electrical resistivity (ρ), Seebeck coefficient (S), and thermal conductivity (κ) measurements. From studies, it is found that substituted TiNi show a metallic nature in entire temperature range. However, hysteresis behavior was observed all TiNi-based near martensitic transition, which confirms first order phase transition. Transformation starting B19′...

Our investigations using low-temperature Raman spectroscopy, dielectric, and magnetodielectric studies of as-prepared vacuum-annealed BiFeO3 ceramics revealed two dielectric anomalies near 25 281 K. Systematic were carried out to probe the anomaly K which exhibits clear frequency dependence falls close a previously observed magnetic transition. The relaxation behavior yielded characteristic energy scales ∼30 ∼34 meV for samples, respectively. spectra showed hardening E(TO6) E(TO9) modes K,...

A graph $G$ is said to have a parity-linked orientation $\phi$ if every even cycle $C_{2k}$ in $G^{\phi}$ evenly (resp. oddly) oriented whenever $k$ odd). In this paper, concept used provide an affirmative answer the following conjecture of D. Cui and Y. Hou [D. Cui, Hou, On skew spectra Cartesian products graphs, Electronic J. Combin. 20(2):#P19, 2013]: Let $G=G(X,Y)$ be bipartite graph. Call $X\rightarrow Y$ $G,$ canonical orientation. any let $Sp_S(G^{\phi})$ $Sp(G)$ denote respectively...

Abstract The electrical resistivity, Seebeck coefficient, thermal conductivity, and specific heat of Ti 50 Ni 50- x Fe ( = 2.0–10.0 at.%) shape memory alloys (SMAs) were measured to investigate the influence point defects (Fe) on martensitic transformation characteristics. Our results show that 48 2 47 3 SMAs have a two-step (B2 → R B19′), while 46 4 , 44.5 5.5 44 6 display one-step transition R). However, compounds 42 8 40 10 strain glass features (frozen strain-ordered state). Importantly,...

Temperature-dependent thermal conductivity of polycrystalline BiFeO3, Bi0.9Ba0.05Ca0.05FeO2.95 and Bi0.9Ca0.1FeO2.95 materials was measured using a direct heat pulse technique. Thermal the BiFeO3-based is analyzed phonon model to probe transport mechanisms in these ferrites. It found that calculated compounds good agreement with experimental data. The suppression low-temperature peak doped BiFeO3 mainly attributed phonon-point-defect scattering. In addition, contribution optical...

The -eigenvalues of a graph order are the eigenvalues its distance matrix and form spectrum or -spectrum denoted by . Let be two regular graphs. Indu–Bala product is obtained from disjoint copies join joining corresponding vertices in In this paper we obtain terms adjacency spectra We use result to new class equienergetic graphs diameter also prove that has integral spectrum.

The effect of partial substitution Ge in the Si sites SrSi2 alloy has been investigated by means electrical and thermal transport studies. Electrical resistivity (ρ), Seebeck coefficient (S) conductivity (κ) measurements were performed on SrSi2−xGex alloys with x = 0–0.12. room-temperature these substituted decreases increasing content up to 0.06 then starts increase upon further substitution. study shows a substantial S content, maximum about 280 µV K−1 was obtained for 0.03 near 85 K....

Abstract We carried out a comparative study on the electrical and magnetodielectric properties of polycrystalline BiFeO 3 , Bi 0.9 Ca 0.1 FeO 2.95 Ba 0.05 ceramics. The two dielectric anomalies, near 25 K 281 K, are observed for . Interestingly, anomaly shifts towards higher temperature above 60 with and/or doping, attributed to doping induced chemical pressure. In addition, room switchable effect is witnessed doped compounds, due quadratic magnetoelectric coupling. This indicates improved...