Viral infections can cause cellular dysregulation of metabolic reactions. Viruses alter host metabolism to meet their replication needs. The impact viruses on specific pathways is not well understood, even in well-studied viruses, such as human adenovirus. Adenoviral infection known influence glycolysis and respiration; however, global effects overall response are unclear. Furthermore, few studies have employed an untargeted approach, combining emphasis viral dosage infection. To address...

Northern elephant seal ( Mirounga angustirostris) pups rely on the oxidation of fat stores as their primary source energy during 8- to 12-wk postweaning fast; however, potential endocrine mechanisms involved with this increased metabolism have yet be examined. Therefore, 15 were serially blood sampled in field first 7 wk fast examine changes plasma concentrations cortisol and thyroid hormones (TH), which are other mammals. Cortisol increased, indicating that it contributed an increase...

First-year college students are at particular risk of dietary maladaptation during their transition to adulthood. A environment that facilitates consistent access nutritious food is critical ensuring adequacy among students. The objective the study was examine perceptions campus and its influence on eating choices first-year attending a minority-serving university located in desert. Focus group interviews with twenty-one were conducted from November 2016 January 2017. Students participated 1...

Changes in gut microbiota are associated with cardiometabolic disorders and influenced by diet. Almonds a rich source of fiber, unsaturated fats, polyphenols, all nutrients that can favorably alter the microbiome. The aim this study was to examine effects 8 wk almond snacking on (fecal) microbiome diversity abundance compared an isocaloric snack graham crackers college freshmen. A randomized, controlled, parallel-arm, 8-wk intervention 73 freshmen (age: 18–19 y; 41 women 32 men; BMI: 18–41...

Elephant seals are naturally adapted to survive up three months of absolute food and water deprivation (fasting). Prolonged in terrestrial mammals increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, oxidative damage inflammation that can be induced by an increase the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). To test hypothesis prolonged fasting elephant is not associated with increased stress or inflammation, blood samples muscle biopsies were collected from early (2-3 weeks post-weaning) late (7-8...

Northern elephant seals experience prolonged periods of absolute food and water deprivation (fasting) while breeding, molting or weaning. The postweaning fast in is characterized by increases the renin-angiotensin system, expression oxidant-producing protein Nox4, NADPH oxidase activity; however, these are not correlated with increased oxidative damage inflammation. Glutathione (GSH) a potent reductant cofactor for glutathione peroxidases (GPx), glutathione-S transferases (GST) 1-cys...

Northern elephant seals endure a 2- to 3-month fast characterized by sustained hyperglycemia, hypoinsulinemia, and increased plasma cortisol free fatty acids, conditions often seen in insulin-resistant humans. We had previously shown that adipose Glut4 expression 5′AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity increase glucose decreases fasting suggesting AMPK contributes regulation during conditions. To address the hypothesis increases fasting-induced insulin resistance, we performed...

Activation of angiotensin receptor type 1 (AT1) contributes to NADPH oxidase (Nox)-derived oxidative stress during metabolic syndrome. However, the specific role AT1 in modulating redox signaling, mitochondrial function, and heart remains more elusive. To test hypothesis that activation increases while impairing signaling function diet-induced insulin resistance obese animals, Otsuka Long Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats (n = 8/group) were treated with blocker (ARB) olmesartan for 6 wk....

The trade-off between current reproductive effort and survival is a key concept of life history theory. A variety studies support the existence this but underlying physiological mechanisms are not well-understood. Oxidative stress has been proposed as potential mechanism observed inverse relationship investment lifespan. Prolonged fasting associated with oxidative including increases in production reactive oxygen species, damage inflammation.Northern elephant seals (NES) undergo prolonged...

The ability of West Indian manatees (Trichechus manatus latirostris and Trichechus manatus) to inhabit both freshwater marine habitats presents an interesting model study osmoregulation in sirenians. Blood samples were analyzed from held fresh- saltwater wild animals captured fresh-, brackish, for concentrations aldosterone, arginine vasopressin, plasma renin activity, Na+, K+, Cl-, osmolality. Two separate experiments also conducted on captive evaluate osmoregulatory responses acute...

Postprandial cellular glucose uptake is dependent on an insulin-signaling cascade in muscle and adipose tissue, resulting the translocation of insulin-dependent transporter 4 (Glut4) into plasma membrane. Additionally, extended food deprivation characterized by suppressed insulin signaling decreased Glut4 expression. Northern elephant seals are adapted to prolonged fasts high levels glucose. To address hypothesis that fasting-induced decrease associated with reduced fasted seals, we compared...

Extended breath-hold (apnea) bouts are routine during diving and sleeping in seals. These apneas result oxygen store depletion blood flow redistribution towards obligatory oxygen-dependent tissues, exposing seals to critical levels of ischemia hypoxemia. The subsequent reperfusion/reoxygenation has the potential increase oxidant production thus oxidative stress. contributions extended apnea stress adapted mammals not well defined. To address hypothesis that is associated with increased...

Renin-angiotensin system blockade improves glucose intolerance and insulin resistance, which contribute to the development of metabolic syndrome. However, contribution impaired secretion pathogenesis syndrome is not well defined. To assess contributions angiotensin receptor type 1 (AT1) activation high intake on pancreatic function their effects signaling in skeletal muscle adipose tissue, an oral tolerance test (oGTT) was performed five groups (n = 10/group) rats: 1) lean strain-control 2)...

We examined allele and genotype frequencies for the molecular markers CAPN1 316, 4751 TG5, determined whether they are associated with beef quality traits in Mexican cattle.One hundred twenty-four longissimus dorsi muscle samples were collected from cattle north, central southern Mexico.CAPN1 316 using allelic discrimination assay TG5 marker was typed by PCR-RFLP.Meat included intramuscular fat content (IMF) tenderness Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF) at 24 h postmortem.The association...

The transition to nutritional independence makes new college students vulnerable alterations in eating patterns, which can increase the risk of cardiometabolic disorders. aim study was examine potential benefits almond vs. cracker snacking improving glucoregulatory and profiles students. A randomized controlled, parallel-arm, 8-week intervention 73 (BMI: 18–41 kg/m2) with no disorders conducted. Participants were into either an snack group (56.7 g/day; 364 kcal; n = 38) or Graham control...

Urban green areas minimize the negative effects of climatic change and improve sustainability historic cities. Despite this, have traditionally been considered a threat to heritage buildings because they cause humidity changes, that accelerate degradation processes. Within this context, study evaluates trends in inclusion cities it causes on conservation earthen fortifications. To achieve goal, vegetative information has obtained since 1985 from Landsat satellite images. The historical...

Chronic ANG II infusions lead to increases in intrarenal levels, hypertension, and tissue injury. Increased blood pressure also elicits renal interstitial fluid (RIF) ATP concentrations that stimulate cell proliferation. We evaluated the contribution of purinergic receptor activation II-induced injury rats by treating with clopidogrel, a P2Y12 blocker, or PPADS, nonselective P2 blocker. alpha-Actin expression mesangial cells, afferent arteriolar wall thickness (AAWT), cortical proliferation,...