Recent epidemics of fusarium head blight (FHB), caused by Fusarium graminearum Schwabe (telomorph: Gibberella zeae), in the USA and Canada have severe yield quality losses wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Development resistant cultivars has been difficult because complex inheritance resistance confounding environmental effects. This study was conducted to identify map DNA markers linked genes associated with FHB resistance. A population 112 F5-derived recombinant inbred (RI) lines from cross...

A lack of salt-tolerant cultivars may be due in part to inadequate evaluation protocols used for selection. Our objective was develop a greenhouse protocol that is simple and consistently separates genotypes their relative ability survive under saline conditions. In 2000 2001, 12 alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) were seeded 3.8- by 21-cm cone-shaped containers plugged with capillary matting filled silica sand. Six-week-old seedlings submersed NaCl-nutrient solution starting at an electrical...

A species' population structure and history are critical pieces of information that can help guide the use available native plant materials in restoration treatments decide what new should be developed to meet future needs. In western United States, Pseudoroegneria spicata (bluebunch wheatgrass; Poaceae) is an important component grassland shrubland communities commonly used for due its drought resistance competitiveness with exotic weeds. We next-generation sequencing data investigate...

Revegetation of disturbed semiarid lands requires rapid stabilization ecological process and soil resources. Introduced species have been widely adopted because the slow establishment native frequently results in poor ecosystem recovery further site degradation. Little research has documented managerial possibilities interactions associated with simultaneously establishing introduced grasses on lands. We conducted a 3‐yr experiment at Fort Carson, CO, to evaluate if seven perennial would...

The validity of spaced‐plant evaluation to determine sward performance forage grasses has been questioned. This experiment studied the efficiency indirectly improve yield and nutritional quality in tall fescue ( Festuca arundinacea Schreb.). Narrow‐sense heritabilities, genetic rank correlations, indirect selection efficiencies were estimated for a population grown spaced plant seeded environments. Heritability was similar between plants swards (0.43 0.44, respectively), but correlation two...

Within the Great Basin, availability of irrigation water throughout growing season is limiting factor in development improved pastures. The choice species and their requirements are critical factors for providing a stable source forage grazing season. A line‐source system was used from 1995 to 1998 evaluate dry matter (DM) production seasonal distribution nine orchardgrass ( Dactylis glomerata L.) perennial ryegrass Lolium perenne hybrid cultivars along with check meadow brome Bromus...

Native perennial bluegrasses are common and persistent in the understory steppe vegetation of western North America. The agamospermous Poa secunda Presl. complex circumscribes a number commonly recognized forms including big bluegrass ( P. ampla Merr.), canby canbyi Scribn.), sandberg sandbergii Vasey). fendleriana (Steudel) Vasey is dioecious, morphologically distinct species that also native to amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) method was used analyze genetic variation within...

As water resources become limiting, the need to produce stable amounts of highly nutritional forage increases. An understanding how levels irrigation affect crude protein (CP), digestible neutral detergent fiber (dNDF), in vitro true digestibility (IVTD), and (NDF) is critical pasture management. Cultivars orchardgrass ( Dactylis glomerata L.) perennial ryegrass Lolium perenne were established under a line‐source system evaluate effect five (WLs) three harvest dates on concentrations CP,...

Poa is a complex genus taxonomically and genetically. As result, relatively little information exists for this economically important with regards to reproductive mode variability in chromosome number. We examined apomixis frequency ploidy levels 83 accessions representing 33 species from the National Plant Germplasm System using flow cytometric techniques. In analysis, we analyzed at least three preparations of 50 seeds each accessions. level plants accession were analyzed. Sixty percent...

Well‐managed irrigated pasture production can be optimized without nitrogen (N) fertilizer. The objective was to determine mixture and planting ratios of tall fescue ( Schedonorus arundinacea Schreb.) (TF), meadow brome Bromus riparius Rehm.) (MB), orchardgrass Dactylis glomerata L.) (OG), timothy Phleum pratense (TIM), perennial ryegrass Lolium perenne (PRG) with alfalfa Medicago sativa (ALF), birdsfoot trefoil Lotus corniculatus (BFTF), or cicer milkvetch Astragalus (CMV) that maximize...

Seasonal availability of water is a major consideration in the management and selection plant materials for irrigated pastures Intermountain West, USA. Objectives were to evaluate forage yield 10 tall fescue ( Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) strains cultivars across five irrigation levels elucidate effects endophytic fungus Neotyphodium coenophialum (Morgan‐Jones & Gems) Glenn, Bacon Hanlin on productivity trends. A line‐source system was used 2‐yr study. Significant differences detected...

Water available for irrigating pastures in the western USA is often limited and varies widely across sites seasons. Objectives were to determine trends crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), vitro true digestibility (IVTD) of 10 cultivars tall fescue ( Festuca arundinaceae Schreb.) at five levels irrigation three harvest dates (early, mid‐, late season). A secondary objective was evaluate effect endophytic fungus [ Neotyphodium coenophialum (Morgan‐Jones & Gams) Glenn, Bacon...

Vast areas of semiarid rangelands in western USA are severely degraded and infested with troublesome weeds such as cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) medusahead rye (Taeniatherum asperum). Reseeding appropriate plant materials that adapted to the site competitive enough replace existing undesirable vegetation is often most plausible way reclaim sites. Unfortunately, many our native grasses more difficult establish not these exotic weedy their introduced counterparts, including crested Siberian...

The yield stability of cool‐season pasture grasses at different irrigation levels has not been well documented. Objectives were to evaluate selection grass species in environments where may be limited or unreliable. Dry matter was determined for eight during 1996 through 1998 five levels. Shukla's statistics calculated and based on mean‐yield versus Kang's yield‐stability indices compared. Tall fescue ( Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), meadow brome Bromus riparius Rehm.), orchardgrass Dactylis...

Leymus cinereus (Scribn. & Merr.) Á. Löve and L. triticoides (Buckley) Pilg. are tall caespitose short rhizomatous perennial Triticeae grasses, respectively. Circumference of rhizome spreading, proportion bolting culms, anthesis date, plant height were evaluated in two mapping families derived from interspecific hybrids Acc:636 Acc:641 accessions, backcrossed to one tester. Two circumference, bolting, QTLs homologous between families. seven all five family specific. Thus, substantial QTL...

Greenhouse studies were conducted to determine the relative salinity tolerance of foxtail barley and seven desirable pasture grasses. Grass species reed canarygrass, timothy, altai wildrye, tall fescue, wheatgrass, orchardgrass, creeping meadow foxtail, barley. Grasses exposed increasing electrical conductivity levels NaCl CaCl 2 salt solution over time. compared using a cumulative value exposure (EC days ), which was calculated account for (EC) time plant at that level conductivity....

The objective of the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) is to convert erodible cropland perennial vegetation. Under severe drought, CRP land frequently utilized for grazing; thus, there a need better understand trends in forage nutritional quality species used plantings. This study evaluated 13 cool-season irrigated and dryland grasses from May August regrowth September November northern Utah during 2004 2005 crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber digestibility (NDFD), vitro true...

Forage kochia (Bassia prostrata [L.] A.J. Scott) is a perennial, halophytic Chenopodiaceae shrub adapted to semiarid rangelands and steppes. It noted for its ability produce edible forage in saline environments, but the effect of salinity on nutritive value has not been determined. Therefore, this study evaluated dose-response increasing quality Gardner's saltbush (Atriplex gardneri [Moq.] D. Dietr., chenopod indigenous United States). Individual plants were hydroponics 28 days at 0, 150,...