Monitoring the load placed on athletes in both training and competition has become a very hot topic sport science. Both scientists coaches routinely monitor loads using multidisciplinary approaches, pursuit of best methodologies to capture interpret data produced an exponential increase empirical applied research. Indeed, field developed with such speed recent years that it given rise industries aimed at developing new novel paradigms allow us precisely quantify internal external help...

Although episodic changes in shear stress have been proposed as the mechanism responsible for effects of exercise training on vasculature, this hypothesis has not directly addressed humans. We examined brachial artery flow-mediated dilation, an index NO-mediated endothelial function, healthy men response to acute bout handgrip and across 8-week period bilateral training. Shear responses were attenuated one arm by cuff inflation 60 mm Hg. Similar increases observed grip strength forearm...

Active video games (exergames) increase energy expenditure (EE) and physical activity (PA) compared with sedentary gaming. The physiological cost enjoyment of exergaming in adolescents, young older adults has not been documented, nor aerobic exercise. This study the on Wii Fit exercise 3 populations.Cardiorespiratory measurements were 14 15 adults, 13 during handheld inactive gaming, activities (yoga, muscle conditioning, balance, aerobics), brisk treadmill walking jogging.For all groups EE...

Flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) is widely used to describe conduit artery endothelial function. The traditional approaches FMD calculation assess diameter change at arbitrary time points after occluding cuff deflation. aim of this study was examine the course brachial a 5-minute period forearm ischemia in 12 young, fitness matched older and untrained subjects. Edge-detection wall tracking high resolution B-mode arterial ultrasound images, combined with synchronized Doppler waveform envelope...

<b>Objective</b> To compare the energy expenditure of adolescents when playing sedentary and new generation active computer games. <b>Design</b> Cross sectional comparison four <b>Setting</b> Research laboratories. <b>Participants</b> Six boys five girls aged 13-15 years. <b>Procedure</b> Participants were fitted with a monitoring device validated to predict expenditure. They played games for 15 minutes each. One was (XBOX 360) other three (Wii Sports). <b>Main outcome measure</b> Predicted...

Shear stress is an important stimulus to arterial adaptation in response exercise and training humans. We recently observed significant reverse flow shear during different antegrade/retrograde patterns of types exercise. The purpose this study was simultaneously examine flow-mediated dilation, a largely NO-mediated vasodilator response, both brachial arteries healthy young men before after 30-minute interventions consisting bilateral forearm heating, recumbent leg cycling, handgrip During...

Changes in arterial shear stress induce functional and structural vasculature adaptations. Recent studies indicate that substantial retrograde flow can occur through human conduit arteries. In animals, is associated with atherogenic effects. The aim of this study was to examine the impact incremental levels on endothelial function vivo. On 3 separate days, we examined bilateral brachial artery flow-mediated dilation, an index NO-mediated function, healthy men (24±3 years) before after a...

The aim of this study was to devise a laboratory-based protocol for motorized treadmill that representative work rates observed during soccer match-play. Selected physiological responses soccer-specific intermittent exercise were then compared with steady-rate performed at the same average speed. Seven male university players (mean +/- s: age 24 2 years, height 1.78 0.1 m, mass 72.2 5.0 kg, VO2max 57.8 4 ml x kg(-1) min(-1)) completed 45-min on treadmill. They also continuous session an...

Studies of the impact exercise training on arterial adaptation in healthy subjects have produced disparate results. It is possible that some studies failed to detect changes because functional and structural adaptations follow a different time course may therefore not be detected at discrete points. To gain insight into training‐induced artery function structure, we examined conduit flow mediated dilatation (FMD), an index nitric oxide (NO)‐mediated function, dilator capacity (DC), surrogate...

Flow-mediated dilatation (%FMD), an index of nitric oxide (NO)-mediated vasodilator function, is regarded as a surrogate marker cardiovascular disease. Aging associated with endothelial dysfunction, but underlying sex-related differences may exist and the effects fitness exercise on dysfunction in men (M) women (W) are poorly understood. We compared %FMD brachial artery 18 young [Y, 26 +/- 1 yr; 9 M W], 12 older fit (OF, 57 2 6 W), 16 sedentary (OS, 59 8 W) subjects. Glyceryl trinitrate...

Introduction/Purpose: Cycling is associated with a reproducible systolic anterograde and diastolic retrograde flow pattern in the brachial artery (BA) of inactive upper limb, which results endothelial nitric oxide (NO) release. The purpose this study was to examine impact different types intensities lower limb exercise on BA pattern. Methods: We examined blood shear rate patterns during cycling, leg kicking, walking 12 young subjects (24 ± 3 yr). diameter, flow, were assessed at baseline (1...

Although the effects of exercise training on vascular function have been well studied, less is known about acute bouts. This synthesis summarizes and integrates knowledge derived from papers relating impacts artery function, specifically endothelial assessed by flow-mediated dilatation (FMD). We propose that an immediate decrease in FMD ("nadir") occurs soon after cessation this followed a (supra)normalization response. The magnitude nadir duration biphasic pattern response appears to be...

Purpose Repeated bouts of ischemia followed by reperfusion (i.e., ischemic preconditioning (IPC)) protect against damage after a myocardial infarction. Recent observational data indicate that IPC improves exercise performance. However, no previous study has examined potential underlying mechanisms for this effect IPC. Therefore, we the to improve 5-km running time trial performance and reduce lactate accumulation during an incremental test. Methods In randomized, crossover study, 13 healthy...

Ageing is associated with impaired endothelium-derived nitric oxide (NO) function in human microvessels. We investigated the impact of cardiorespiratory fitness and exercise training on physiological pharmacological NO-mediated microvascular responses older subjects. vasodilatation was examined young, sedentary fit subjects who had two microdialysis fibres embedded into skin ventral aspect forearm laser Doppler probes placed over these sites. Both sites were then heated to 42 degrees C,...

A hyperadrenergic state is a seminal aspect of chronic heart failure. Also, "Takotsubo stress cardiomyopathy," associated with increased plasma catecholamine levels. The mechanisms myocyte damage secondary to excess exposure as well the consequence this neurohumoral burst on cardiac stem cells (CSCs) are unknown. Cardiomyocytes and CSCs were exposed high doses isoproterenol (ISO), in vivo vitro. Male Wistar rats received single injection ISO (5 mg kg-1) sacrificed 1, 3, 6 days later. In...

The exercise-induced expression of heat shock proteins (HSPs) in rodent models is relatively well defined. In contrast, comparable data from human studies are limited and the stress response skeletal muscle far understood. This study has characterized time course magnitude HSP muscles a healthy active, but untrained, young male population following running exercise protocol. Eight subjects performed 45 min treadmill at speed corresponding to their lactate threshold (11.7 ± 0.5 km/h; 69.8...

To determine whether conduit artery size affects functional responses, we compared the magnitude, time course, and eliciting shear rate stimulus for flow-mediated dilation (FMD) in healthy men (n = 20; 31 +/- 7 yr). Upper limb (brachial radial) lower (common superficial femoral) FMD responses were simultaneously assessed, whereas popliteal measured same subjects during a separate visit. Glyceryl trinitrate (GTN)-mediated similarly examined. Edge detection wall tracking of high-resolution...

Lower limb exercise increases upper conduit artery blood flow and shear stress, leg training can enhance vascular function. We therefore examined the contribution of stress to changes in function nonexercising limbs response lower cycling training. Initially, five male subjects underwent bilateral brachial duplex ultrasound measure responses 30-min at 80% maximal heart rate. Responses one forearm were significantly (P < 0.05) attenuated via cuff inflation throughout bout. An additional 11...