In this paper, a multimode design method is proposed for motor under multiple operation conditions. Based on the driving cycles in electric vehicles, five typical conditions and corresponding modes are determined design. To investigate conveniently, flux controllable stator permanent magnet (SPM) memory selected taken as example. process, by using sensitivity analysis method, significance of parameters various evaluated effectively. demands, whole optimization divided into three steps, where...

This paper proposes a brushless double mechanical port flux-switching permanent-magnet motor for potential application in hybrid electric vehicles. To realize the design objectives of high-torque capability, low-torque ripple, and low-magnetic coupling between inner outer motors, new multilevel optimization method is proposed to conduct multiobjectives optimization. First, by adopting comprehensive sensitivity approach, whole process divided into three levels: nonsensitive level,...

In this paper, two permanent magnet flux-intensifying motors are designed and optimized to realize the characteristic of L <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">d</sub> > xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">q</sub> effect. Compared with conventional interior motor <; , advantages a low irreversible demagnetization risk wide speed range can be obtained in motors. To meet multiple design requirements effectively, comprehensive...

An active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) controller using phase-locking loop observer (PLLO) is proposed in this paper to improve the property of speed system. First, simplify comparison with other controllers, a universal design method based on estimation employed, and unified expression for different controllers presented. Then, several common are compared each other, two PLLO-based ADRC After that, considering variations load inertia, robustness system inertia variation analyzed....

In this paper, an outer rotor flux-switching permanent-magnet (FSPM) motor incorporating the concept of stator into outer-rotor is investigated. Similar to traditional FSPM motors, torque ripple relatively high. order realize reduction effectively, a new systematic multi-level design and control scheme proposed coreduce motor. level, by adopting experiments method response surface method, lower cogging with desirable high output efficiency can be obtained. optimization model based on...

This paper designs and compares two outer-rotor flux switching permanent-magnet (FSPM) motors, in which the different PM topologies of V-shape magnet I-shape are adopted respectively their stator structures, namely, V-FSPM motor I-FSPM motor. First, design principles introduced. Second, by using comprehensive sensitivity method sequential nonlinear programming algorithm, motors optimized efficiently before comparison, where torque ripple selected as objectives. And then based on finite...

The price fluctuation and the unstable supply chain of rare-earth permanent magnet (PM) have posed potential risks for further application PM motors. To alleviate consumption material, a less-rare-earth brushless motor with two types materials is proposed in this paper. key that purposely combined non-rare-earth ferrite PM, forming hybrid excitation. design efficiently, multi-objective stratified optimization strategy proposed, where selected five objectives output torque, cost, cogging...

In this article, a variable-saliency-ratio permanent magnet motor is designed and optimized considering driving cycles. To satisfy the demands of multi-operation conditions EVs, variable resistance adopted new design concept proposed to enhance output torque, widen speed range lower irreversible demagnetization risk effectively. A multiobjective optimization cycles proposed, where objective saliency ratio firstly selected with genetic algorithm method. Then, operation performances in...

In this article, an airgap-harmonic-orientated design method is proposed, where the airgap harmonics are newly acted as effective bridge between three key elements of permanent magnet sources, modulators, or armature windings and motor performances. proposed method, play couple roles objectives variables, which not only served variables for performances, but also considered parameters. For extensive investigation, a V-shape flux-modulated permanent-magnet (V-FMPM) selected example, has...

The magnetic coupling phenomenon widely exists in the type of double rotor motor, which is difficult to be eliminated completely due interactions between two layers air-gap fields a compact geometry structure. This article studies perspective harmonic groups, where novelty propose concept positive harmonics and negative one. And, flux-switching PM machine chosen as research subject. Then, begins with analytical investigation modulation principle considering coupling, group factor defined....

Due to the strict constraints with winding structures and slot-pole combinations of conventional fault-tolerant interior permanent magnet (FT-IPM) motors, desired sensorless operating performance is difficult be implemented. Hence, this article proposes a new five-phase flux-intensifying FT-IPM motor characteristics obvious stable inverse saliency ( <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">L_d</i> >...

In this paper, by incorporating the new concept of noncontact magnetic planetary gear into a permanent magnet brushless machine, multiport magnetic-planetary-gear machine is proposed. To achieve flexible combination and split power torque among different electrical or mechanical ports in multiobjective optimization design method considering multioperational modes proposed investigated. obtain high efficiency, whole divided three steps based on various driving modes. each step, multobjective...

This paper proposes an outer-rotor V-shaped permanent magnet flux switching (V-PMFS) motor for potential applications in in-wheel direct drive system. However, the cogging torque and ripple of V-PMFS are relatively high, which may lead to mechanical vibration acoustic noise, especially low speed operation. To improve overall performances motor, a multi-objective optimization method based on multi-level design is proposed. According effect variables objectives, sensitivity analysis used...

In this article, an optimization design method of power factor is proposed for vernier permanent magnet (VPM) machine, in which the key to analyze and investigate from perspective air-gap flux harmonic modulation. To improve efficiency, harmonics are analyzed serve as crucial bridge between machine geometry. It noted that, during operation VPM more attention required low-speed area. Based on popular new European driving cycle electric vehicles, three conditions chosen design. For systematic...

In this article, a parallel-series magnetic circuit multi-permanent magnet (M-PM) motor is designed and optimized considering characteristic variation effects, where two kinds of permanent magnets (PMs) are utilized as co-magnetic. Based on the equivalent method, detailed design method for M-PM illustrated. Considering various operation conditions in potential electric vehicle applications, <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"...

Nowadays, with increasing concerns about environmental pollution and energy crisis electric vehicles are rapidly developing owing to their significant environmental-friendly benefits. To meet the diverse driving requirements of vehicles, PM motors high-performance rare-earth PMs have been widely employed in vehicle powertrains, which shows performance merits high power density efficiency. Yet, PMs, as non-renewable strategic resources, usually suffer from unstable supply fluctuation prices,...

Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn) infection is known to exacerbate ulcerative colitis (UC). However, the link between Fn-infected intestinal epithelial cell (IEC)-derived exosomes (Fn-Exo) and UC progression has not been investigated. Differentially expressed miRNAs in Fn-Exo non-infected IECs-derived (Con-Exo) were identified by miRNA sequencing. Then, biological role mechanism of development determined vitro vivo. We found that delivered miR-129-2-3p from IECs into IECs, exacerbating barrier...

In this paper, a method of dimension reduction analysis airgap harmonics is proposed and investigated for double-rotor flux-modulated permanent magnet (DR-FMPM) motor. By analyzing the relationships among torque, core loss power factor DR-FMPM motor, characteristic related to three performances are determined, number reduced. To investigate influence on motor performances, ratios torque defined. And corresponding harmonic coefficients also Afterwards, sensitivity degrees design parameters...

In this paper, two new flux-intensifying interior permanent magnet (FI-IPM) motors owing the characteristic of Ld > Lq are proposed for extended operating speed range. The feasible approaches realizing first discussed to emphasize rotor flux barrier design. According approaches, barriers and surface combined with different PM placements adopted in these motors. To verify validity motors, a comprehensive investigation comparison between carried out, including both electromagnetic performances...

This paper proposes a new hybrid permanent magnet (PM)-assisted synchronous reluctance motor, where two types of PM materials rare-earth PMs and ferrite are employed in its rotor. To reduce the usage materials, hierarchical design method is adopted rotor design, which divided into levels: saliency ratio level level. In level, proper flux barrier dimensions confirmed based on principle torque maximization. optimal first determined according to relationship main leakage flux. Then, tradeoff...

In this article, based on flux modulation theory, an airgap-harmonic-based multilevel optimization design approach is proposed for a double-stator flux-modulated permanent-magnet (DS-FMPM) motor. The DS-FMPM motor purposefully designed, so as to realize the requirements of driving cycle. approach, three fundamental elements general carried out from levels. Furthermore, response surface method, sensitivity analysis, and genetic algorithm are purposely employed in different levels obtain...

Abstract Background Ulcerative colitis (UC) may be exacerbated by Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn) infection. However, the mechanism underlying Fn-mediated progression of UC has yet to established. Here, we aimed establish whether and how Fn-derived extracellular vesicles (Fn-EVs) participate in development experimental through microRNAs (miRNAs). Methods EVs were isolated purified ultracentrifugation from Fn Escherichia coli culture supernatants. Differentially expressed miRNAs control...

In this paper, a driving cycle design optimization approach using the dimension reduction method is proposed for less-rare-earth permanent magnet (LRE-PM) motor. order to improve efficiency of optimization, k-means clustering method, sensitivity analysis, and principal component analysis are utilized reduce dimensions operating points, parameters, objectives respectively. Furthermore, based on multi-objective genetic algorithm, improved motor performances whole can be realized, including...

Permanent magnet brushless (PMBL) motors have been widely applied in electric vehicles, since they inherently offer high efficiency, power density, and free maintenance. However, because of the existing problem uncontrollable flux, their constant-power speed range is relatively narrow. In order to gain a wide range, by employing new concept flux-intensifying effect, PMBL (FI-PMBL) motor proposed this paper. The innovatively designed, where topology two-layer segmented PMs non-uniform air gap...