We present an experimental and theoretical characterization of single cigar-shaped nanopores with pH-responsive carboxylic acid lysine chains functionalized on the pore surface. The nanopore includes (i) optical images nanostructure obtained by FESEM; (ii) different chemical procedures for preparation (etching time functionalizations; pH electrolyte concentration external solution) allowing externally tunable responses monitored current–voltage (I–V) curves; (iii) transport simulations a...

Experiments conducted below 0.1 K require expensive, complicated cryogenic apparatus. What if an integrated solid-state device could be used instead? The authors present just such on-chip refrigerator, based on a superconductor/normal-metal junction, that chills down to 30 mK with remarkable cooling power. This provides means reduce thermal noise in e.g. qubits, SQUIPT magnetometers, or the sensitive detectors required for astronomy experiments.

Depending on the way one measures, quantum nonlocality might manifest more visibly. Using basis transformations and interactions a particle pair, Hardy logically argued that any local hidden variable theory leads to paradox. Extended from original work, we introduce nonlocal scheme for n-particle systems using two distinct approaches. First, theoretical model is derived with analytical results Hardy's conditions probability. Second, simulation circuits constructed matches very well theory....

Ultrathin amorphous Bi films, patterned with a nanohoneycomb array of holes, can exhibit an insulating phase transport dominated by the incoherent motion Cooper pairs (CP) electrons between localized states. Here, we show that magnetoresistance (MR) this pair insulator (CPI) is positive and grows exponentially decreasing temperature $T$, for $T$ well below formation temperature. It peaks at field estimated to be sufficient break then decreases monotonically into regime in which film...

The performance of hybrid superconducting electronic coolers is usually limited by the accumulation hot quasi-particles in their leads. This issue all more stringent large-scale and high-power devices, as required applications. Introducing a metallic drain connected to electrodes via fine-tuned tunnel barrier, we efficiently remove obtain cooling from 300 mK down 130 with 400 pW power. A simple thermal model accounts for experimental observations.

Precise measurements of parameters in the PMNS framework might lead to new physics beyond Standard Model. However, they are incredibly challenging determine neutrino oscillation experiments. Quantum simulations can be a powerful supplementary tool study these phenomenologies. In today's noisy quantum hardware, encoding neutrinos multi-qubit system requires redundant basis and tricky entangling gates. We encode three-flavor superconducting qutrit its oscillations using theory with time...

Ultrathin films near the quantum insulator-superconductor transition (IST) can exhibit Cooper-pair transport in their insulating state. This insulator (CPI) state is achieved amorphous Bi evaporated onto substrates with a topography varying on lengths slightly greater than superconducting coherence length. We present evidence that this induces film thickness and corresponding coupling constant variations promote island formation. Analyses of many thickness-tuned ISTs show weak links between...

Radio-frequency (RF) reflectometry is implemented in hybrid semiconductor-superconductor nanowire systems designed to probe Majorana zero modes. Two approaches are presented. In the first, nanowire-based devices part of a resonant circuit, allowing conductance be measured as function several gate voltages ~40 times faster than using conventional low-frequency lock-in methods. second, capacitively coupled nearby RF single-electron transistor made from separate nanowire, detection charge,...

We present a hybrid quantum-classical variational scheme to enhance precision in quantum metrology. In the scheme, both initial state and measurement basis part are parameterized optimized via classical part. It enables maximization of information gained about measured quantity. discuss specific applications 3D magnetic field sensing under several dephasing noise models. Indeed, we demonstrate its ability simultaneously estimate all parameters surpass standard limit, making it powerful tool...

LangXAI is a framework that integrates Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) with advanced vision models to generate textual explanations for visual recognition tasks. Despite XAI advancements, an understanding gap persists end-users limited domain knowledge in artificial intelligence and computer vision. addresses this by furnishing text-based classification, object detection, semantic segmentation model outputs end-users. Preliminary results demonstrate LangXAI's enhanced plausibility,...

<title>Abstract</title> In this study, we study the Variational Quantum Eigensolver (VQE) application for Ising model as a test bed model, in which pivotally delved into several optimization methods, both classical and quantum, analyzed quantum advantage that each of these methods offered, then proposed new combinatorial scheme, deemed QN-SPSA+PSR combines calculating approximately Fubini-study metric (QN-SPSA) exact evaluation gradient by Parameter-Shift Rule (PSR). The method integrates...

The performance of superconducting devices is often degraded by the uncontrolled appearance and disappearance quasiparticles, a process known as poisoning. We demonstrate electrostatic control quasiparticle poisoning in form single-charge tunneling across fixed barrier onto Coulomb island an InAs/Al hybrid nanowire. High-bandwidth charge sensing was used to monitor occupancy blockade peaks, where rates were maximal, valleys, absent. Electrostatic gates changed on-peak two orders magnitude...

Solid-state microrefrigerators operating in the subkelvin regime are key to quantum technology. An electronic cooler based on a normal-metal/insulator/superconductor ($N\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}I\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}S$) tunnel junction works well principle, but typically its $S$ electrodes severely overheated and performance sags---especially powerful devices needed for applications. The authors use second $N\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}I\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}S$ cooling stage thermalize hot...

Aligned carbon nanotubes with uniform outer diameters, ordered over wafer-scale areas were fabricated using porous alumina templates on silicon. Anodization of aluminium films deposited corrugated silicon surfaces, patterned interference lithography, led to periodic pore structures controlled spacing and symmetry, sizes independently through the anodization conditions. Nickel at base pores catalysed CNT growth during PECVD. These results demonstrate a approach control size, pitch, ordering...

Abstract The control of electronic and thermal transport through material interfaces is crucial for numerous micro nanoelectronics applications quantum devices. Here we report on the engineering electro-thermal properties semiconductor-superconductor (Sm-S) cooler junctions by a nanoscale insulating tunnel barrier introduced between Sm S electrodes. Unexpectedly, such an interface does not increase junction resistance but strongly reduces detrimental sub-gap leakage current. These features...

A method to fabricate large-area superconducting hybrid tunnel junctions with a suspended central normal metal part is presented. The samples are fabricated by combining photo-lithography and chemical etch of superconductor—insulator—normal multilayer. process involves few fabrication steps, reliable produces extremely high-quality junctions. Under an appropriate voltage bias, significant electronic cooling demonstrated. We analyze semi-quantitatively the thermal behavior typical device.

We present a superconducting device showing clear parity effect in the number of electrons, even when there is, on average, single nonequilibrium quasiparticle and island switches due to quasiparticles tunneling out at rates order 100 Hz. detect switching by monitoring real time charge state connected normal leads tunnel junctions. The are created Cooper pairs breaking rate few kilohertz. demonstrate that pair is caused backaction single-electron transistor used as detector. With...

We study the consequences of nonequilibrium heating and inverse proximity effect in normal metal--insulator--superconductor--insulator--normal metal (NISIN) junctions with a simple quasi-one-dimensional model. especially focus on observables parameter regions that are interest design SINIS coolers quasiparticle traps. present numerical results calculated by solving Usadel equation also analytical approximations two limiting cases: short junction non-negligible resistance both ends long...

We isolated flux disorder effects on the transport at critical point of quantum magnetic field tuned superconductor-to-insulator transition (BSIT). The experiments employed films patterned into geometrically disordered hexagonal arrays. Spatial variations in per unit cell, which grow a perpendicular field, constitute disorder. growth with limited number BSITs exhibited by single film due to matching effects. metallic resistance successive grew contrary predictions its universality. These...

At the ultra-thin film limit, quantum confinement strongly improves thermoelectric figure of merit in materials such as Sb2Te3 and Bi2Te3. These high quality films have only been realized using well controlled techniques molecular beam epitaxy. We report a twofold increase Seebeck coefficient for both p-type n-type Bi2Te3 thermal co-evaporation, an affordable approach. thick limit greater than 100 nm, their coefficients are around μV/K, similar to results obtained other works. When thinner...

A biased tunnel junction between a superconductor and normal metal can cool the latter electrode. Based on recently developed cooler with high power superior performance, we have successfully integrated it dielectric silicon nitride membrane, cooled phonons from 305 mK down to 200 mK. Without perforation covered under thin alumina layer, membrane is rigorously transformed into cooling platform that robust versatile for multiple practical purposes. We discuss our results possibilities further...

Abstract Lithium‐ion insertion/deinsertion in anode at slow rates limits the power performance of energy storage devices. Here, a new pseudocapacitive electrode with high reversible capacity during cycling has been proposed for lithium‐ion capacitor. The lithium‐fluoride garnet, namely Na 3 Fe 2 Li F 12 , is obtained via precipitation from an aqueous solution room temperature using abundant materials and exhibits discharge 746 mAh g −1 . After first charging cycle, stored fast faradaic...