Drug manufacturing in a fridge-sized box Commodity chemicals tend to be manufactured continuous fashion. However, the preparation of pharmaceuticals still proceeds batch by batch, partly on account complexity their molecular structures. Adamo et al. now present an apparatus roughly size household refrigerator that can synthesize and purify under continuous-flow conditions (see Perspective Martin). The integrated set modules produce hundreds thousands accumulated doses day, delivered aqueous...

As a demonstration of an alternative to the challenges faced with batch pharmaceutical manufacturing including large production footprint and lengthy time-scale, we previously reported refrigerator-sized continuous flow system for on-demand essential medicines. Building on this technology, herein report second-generation, reconfigurable 25 % smaller (by volume) platform featuring advances in reaction purification equipment. Consisting two compact [0.7 (L)×0.5 (D)×1.3 m (H)] stand-alone units...

Crystal nucleation rates have been measured in the supercooled melts of two richly polymorphic glass-forming liquids: ROY and nifedipine (NIF). or 5-methyl-2-[(2-nitrophenyl)amino]-3-thiophenecarbonitrile is known for its crystals red, orange, yellow colors many polymorphs solved structures (12). Of polymorphs, ON (orange needles) nucleates fastest with runner up (Y04) trailing by a factor 103 when compared under same mobility-limited condition, while other unobserved are slower yet at least...

Organic compounds contribute to a major fraction of atmospheric aerosols and have significant impacts on climate human health. However, because their chemical complexity, measurement remains challenge for analytical instrumentation. Here we present the development characterization new soft ionization technique that allows mass spectrometric real-time detection organic in aerosols. The aerosol flowing atmospheric-pressure afterglow (AeroFAPA) ion source is based helium glow discharge plasma,...

Abstract. The chemical composition of ambient organic aerosols was analyzed using complementary mass spectrometric techniques during a field study in central Europe July 2014 (Fichtelgebirge – Biogenic Emission and Aerosol Chemistry, F-BEACh 2014). Among several common biogenic secondary aerosol (BSOA) marker compounds, 93 acidic oxygenated hydrocarbons were detected with elevated abundances thus attributed to be characteristic for the at site. Monoterpene measurements exhibited median...

Amorphous formulations, increasingly employed to deliver poorly soluble drugs, generally contain surfactants improve wetting and dissolution. These are often liquids can potentially increase the mobility of drug reduce its stability, but little is known about this effect. Here we investigate effect four common nonionic (Tween 80, Span Triton X-100, Poloxamer 407) on crystallization amorphous nifedipine (NIF). We find that significantly enhance rates crystal nucleation growth even at low...

A compact, fully integrated, and automated system is developed for end-to-end production, purification, formulation of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) lidocaine hydrochloride, a widely used local anesthetic. The purification strategy includes appropriate combination extraction, reactive crystallization, antisolvent cooling crystallization that enables production hydrochloride formulated solution, topical application meeting US Pharmacopeia (USP) standards. On basis optimal yield...

The solubility of 5-ffuorouracil (5-FU), a widely used chemotherapeutic agent to treat solid tumors, which include colorectal, head and neck, breast, lung cancer, was determined at temperatures ranging from 278.15 333.15 K in 11 pure solvents binary water + ethanol solvent mixtures using the polythermal method. It demonstrated that 5-FU increases with increasing temperature constant composition mixtures. Moreover, exceeds its ethanol. experimental data were correlated modified Apelblat λh...

This work presents an original general route to obtain faceted tubular organic crystals (of several tens of micrometers in section) by putting the compound inside a thermal gradient. These hollow whiskers grow spontaneously when gradient exceeds certain threshold, highest temperature being close melting point, lowest RT. phenomenon could be explained heat dissipation and transport matter thanks sublimation mechanisms and/or capillarity, i.e. convective transfer. The open system is...

The solubility of modafinil (MOD) form I, an antinarcoleptic drug, was measured at temperatures ranging from 278.15 to 333.15 K in ten neat solvents (acetone, acetonitrile, dimethylformamide, ethanol, ethyl acetate, methanol, methylethylketone, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, and water) two binary solvent mixtures (acetone + water methanol water). results employing the polythermal method demonstrate that increases with increasing temperature constant composition mixtures. Moreover, MOD decreases...

Nitrofurfural is a key building block for the synthesis of antimicrobial nitrofurans as active pharmaceutical ingredients. Its involves nitration furfural, substrate derived from biobased resources. However, furfural has delicate heteroaromatic backbone. Typical nitrations involve harsh reaction conditions, which often compromise this structure, resulting in poor reproducibility and low yields. Although acetyl nitrate, mild nitrating agent, suitable task, major deterrents remain. First, its...

<title>Abstract</title> Microstructured optical fibers can guide light using carefully arranged air holes along their length. These have a wide range of important technological and scientific applications across many disciplines - for example, by allowing to be guided with ultralow loss within hollow core. However, preforms microstructured are currently made almost exclusively the stack-and-draw method. This method severely limits complexity achievable fiber structures. For it is highly...

Nitrofurfural is a key building block for the synthesis of antimicrobial nitrofurans as active pharmaceutical ingredients. Its involves nitration furfural, substrate derived from biobased resources. However, furfural has delicate heteroaromatic backbone. Typical nitrations involve harsh reaction conditions, which often compromise this structure, resulting in poor reproducibility and low yields. Although acetyl nitrate, mild nitrating agent, suitable task, major deterrents remain. First, its...

Nitrofurfural is a key building block for the synthesis of antimicrobial nitrofurans as active pharmaceutical ingredients. Its involves nitration furfural, substrate derived from biobased resources. However, furfural has delicate heteroaromatic backbone. Typical nitrations involve harsh reaction conditions, which often compromise this structure, resulting in poor reproducibility and low yields. Although acetyl nitrate, mild nitrating agent, suitable task, major deterrents remain. First, its...

Solubility measurements for polymorphic compounds are often accompanied by solvent-mediated phase transformations. In this study, solubility from undersaturated solutions employed to investigate the of two most stable polymorphs flufenamic acid (FFA forms I and III), tolfenamic (TA II), only known form niflumic (NA). The was measured 278.15 333.15 K in four alcohols a homologous series (methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, n-butanol) using polythermal method. It established that these increases...

Abstract The mean particle size and suspension density of industrial ammonium sulfate urea crystals were measured by a single ultrasound sensor in saturated solution at only one frequency. information on velocity attenuation combined related to characteristic properties the solid phase suspensions. By model identification, correlation between signals as well evaluated verified additional experiments. measurements with different fractions densities up 40 wt‐% carried out isothermally....

At the bench scale, transfer of solid–liquid streams between reaction vessels or crystallizers that operate continuously poses a significant problem. Reduced equipment size pumps and valves (i.e., approaching on microfluidic scale) means even further reduced orifices in which suspensions must attempt to flow. It forces bridging solids leads blockages This study presents new pressure-driven flow crystallizer (PDFC) with custom-built suspension pumping system. In system, dip tube is used carry...

Small-scale (refrigerator-sized, 1.0 (width) × 0.7 (length) 1.8 m (height)), multipurpose pharmaceutical manufacturing platforms (PMP) necessitate unique high demands on process analytical technologies (PAT), for instance, in situ, real-time monitoring of liquid formulations (solution and suspension) to determine the strength prior release from PMPs that are not comparable lab-scale or industrial-scale needs. Commercially available plug-and-play PATs were evaluated their potential...

The inadvertent occurrence of polymorphic phase transformations in active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) during hot melt extrusion (HME) processes has been claimed to limit the application this technique. Hence, control polymorphism would need be addressed if there is any prospect HME successfully implemented as an alternative solid dosage formulation strategy integrated, continuous end-to-end manufacturing settings. This work demonstrates that flufenamic acid (FFA), one most APIs known,...

Intensified production of smart drug modafinil under continuous flow and sustainable conditions.

Solid dispersions embed active pharmaceutical ingredients in polymeric carriers to improve their solubility. Three solid dispersion preparation techniques are typically employed: solvent evaporation, solvent-fusion, and fusion methods. Although these also widely recommended as preparative methods for phase diagram determination, few examples exist concerning effect on the resulting polymorph, once is produced. In this study, influence of polymorphic form obtained crystalline (CSDs) composed...

In the pharmaceutical industry, it is often desired to produce seed crystals with an appropriate narrow size distribution of polymorph. This study describes a system that generates such continuously in small-scale tubular crystallizer at low supersaturation via contact secondary nucleation. A response surface model was constructed by conducting statistical design experiment models nucleation rate as function force, area, and frequency. reveals within certain range linearly related all three...