Cancers arise from the accumulation of multiple mutations in genes regulating cellular growth and differentiation. Identification such numerous represents a significant challenge genetic analysis, particularly when majority DNA tumor sample is wild-type stroma. To overcome these difficulties, we have developed new type microchip that combines polymerase chain reaction/ligase detection reaction (PCR/LDR) with "zip-code" hybridization. Suitably designed allele-specific LDR primers become...

We have developed a methodology for measuring the reproducibility of oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and intravenous (IVGTT) in normal subjects offspring conjugal diabetic parents. Both groups revealed more striking correlations several parameters blood insulin secretion between two IVGTTs than OGTTs. Employing arbitrary criteria, we calculated "reproducibility index" as quantitative measure variability each subject. No significant difference was found OGTT versus IVGTT, nor normals...

School-based social-emotional and character development (SECD) programs can influence not only SECD but also academic-related outcomes. This study evaluated the impact of one program, Positive Action (PA), on educational outcomes among low-income, urban youth.The longitudinal used a matched-pair, cluster-randomized controlled design. Student-reported disaffection with learning academic grades, teacher ratings ability motivation were assessed for cohort followed from grades 3 to 8. Aggregate...

Summary Aims Use of the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) to define intolerance in general population may bias towards selection those with insulin resistance. Beta cell function and resistance markers were analysed four groups: controls ( n = 101); fasting hyperglycaemia (FH, 45); impaired tolerance; (IGT, 16) features both FH IGT (‘Both’, 30). Methods Subjects underwent an OGTT. Plasma glucose, lipid profiles, fasting, 30 120 min measured beta (% B) sensitivity S) assessed by homeostatic...

Loss of the first phase insulin response to intravenous glucose is one earliest detectable defects beta cell dysfunction in Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Impaired tolerance (IGT) considered a prediabetic condition, therefore loss secretion subjects with IGT would suggest as an early lesion development diabetes. Three groups were studied, 7 persistent (classified having at two 75 g oral tests (OGTT) done 6 months apart), transient (IGT OGTT, but normal repeat OGTT later), and controls. First was...

Estimates of breast dose per view are needed for selection mammographic techniques and verification their proper use. However, accurate dosimetry requires standardization both the methodology assumed composition. Because several different methods have been reported, authors developed a simple reproducible method using reference "average breast" composition 50/50% water/fat by weight. Working curves were derived average glandular whole-breast unit exposure in air vs. HVL thickness. When these...

In order to determine insulin status and beta cell function during the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), in impaired (IGT), 51 such subjects matched controls, identified a population survey for diabetes, underwent 75 g OGTT. Fasting, 30 min 2 h intact proinsulin, fasting 32/33 split were measured by specific two‐site immunoradiometric assays. The with IGT had higher (geometric mean ± SD, 5.0 4.0 pmol −1 vs 2.9 1.7, p < 0.02) proinsulin (23 14 12, 0.0001), (3.2 3 1.8 1.8, 0.0007) (18.3...

In its first year 747 diabetics were entered into a comprehensive shared care scheme in which general practitioners agreed to follow up their own patients. After two years patients recalled hospital for review through computer based recall system. Analysis of the 209 reviewed showed that system worked well with failure trace only eight Six new cases foot ulcer, 15 retinopathy, 14 macular degeneration, and raised blood pressure requiring treatment detected at review. Sixty four appeared have...

Innovative, culturally tailored strategies are needed to extend diabetes education and support efforts in lower-resourced primary care practices serving racial/ethnic minority groups. A randomized controlled trial (RCT) examined the effect of a self-care coaching intervention delivered by medical assistants joint ethnicity over time. The repeated-measures design included 270 low-income African American Hispanic/Latino patients with type 2 diabetes. 1-year clinic- telephone-based assistant...

This paper reports beta cell function as assessed during OGTT using specific IRMAs for insulin, intact and 32/33 split proinsulin in subjects with newly diagnosed Type 2 diabetes matched to normal controls. The relationships between insulin the proinsulins risk factors cardiovascular disease were also examined. Similar fasting concentrations but lower 30‐min post‐glucose‐load found diabetic (mean ± SEM 143 12 pmol −1 vs 304 19 ( p < 0.001). Subjects had increased (10.6 1.1 3.3 0.2, 0.001)...

SUMMARY Fasting plasma glucagon has been measured by a specific radioimmunoassay in twenty‐three untreated maturity onset diabetic patients and matched normal controls. Significant fasting hyperglucagonaemia was demonstrated the subjects spite of their raised blood glucose insulin concentrations. Oral tolerance tests were performed on ten controls variations glucose, concentration studied. Glucagon shown to increase significantly after oral fall The differences between changes two groups...

Education and psychosocial factors are widely believed to contribute diabetes control. However, there is no systematic way of measuring or recording these factors, for transfer information future care-givers. We developed a 41-question questionnaire measure the skills contributory self-management in diabetes, examined relationship between glycaemic The was assessed construct validity, content validity by independent health professionals, easily completed 128 insulin-treated diabetic patients...

Recent requirements of the GP contract have included testing random urine samples from all patients aged 16–75 years for glycosuria. As a means detecting diabetes this will be both inefficient and wasteful resources, because method employed age group screened. We examined simple screening large populations non-insulin-dependent mellitus using self-testing post-prandial glycosuria, compared its performance to that fasting plasma glucose haemoglobin A1. The study involved five general...

“The Cotton Diversity Database” ( http://cotton.agtec.uga.edu ) is a Web resource for cotton Gossypium spp.) phenotypic and genomic data. A primary goal this to provide both useful management tool breeders other applied scientists research genetic scientists. The contains four interface suites that include displays each of the available or data types. These display are accessible via genotype portal, search allows users begin with accession obtain all graphical views overall cultivar...

This study evaluated effects of Positive Action (PA), a school-based social-emotional and character development program, on self-esteem levels processes among minority, low-income, urban youth. A matched-pair, cluster-randomized controlled trial was conducted in 14 Chicago Public Schools with outcomes assessed longitudinally for cohort youth followed from Grades 3 to 8. total 1,170 students participated the (53% female, 48% African American, 27% Hispanic). Students PA schools had more...

This article uses census data for England and Wales covering the period 1851–1911 to provide new insights into patterns of migration London. It examines several related themes including role played in London's growth during this period, age gender differentials distance travelled. Calculating net rates, demonstrates that after 30, those born outside London, more left Capital than came, yet over time an increasing proportion migrant population was retained. The family migrants fluctuated...

There is a major gap in backscatter information for diagnostic x‐ray beams. Such increasingly needed dose measurements and calculations, as well designing devices techniques. We have therefore carried out on both low Z materials metals, using an ion chamber method designed specifically the purpose. Lucite two D.R. White tissue substitutes were studied extensively (BR 12 “average breast” MS 11 “water”). Measured percent (BS) was greatest least 11, with BR between. Backscatter buildup rapid:...

Survival rates and visual acuity of 100 patients treated for posterior uveal malignant melanoma by cobalt-60 plaque radiotherapy were compared with 150 enucleation the same disease. Life-table comparisons entire group showed significant differences in survival rates, appearing to fare better. However, when small or medium tumors compared, only slight seen, implying that criteria used select treatment may affect interpretation. The two groups also using Cox proportional hazards model, which...

1. A reliable, reproducible and specific method for determination of pancreatic glucagon in plasma by radioimmunoassay is described was measured normal subjects patients with acute pancreatitis. 2. In pancreatitis the relationship between glucose impaired disturbance alpha-cell function indicated relative hyperglucagonaemia moderately severe disease. 3. concentrations were low possible hyper- hypo-glucagonaemia pathogenesis discussed. 4. Insulin values pancreatitis, although increased, not...

OBJECTIVE--To develop a simple, economically viable, and effective means of population screening for diabetes mellitus. DESIGN--A postal request system self testing glycosuria with foil wrapped dipsticks. Preprandial postprandial tests were compared single test. The subjects instructed how to test, result card was supplied on which record return the result. All those recording positive test 50 people negative invited an oral glucose tolerance SETTING--General practice in east Suffolk, list...

We use individual-level census data for England and Wales the period 1851-1911 to investigate interplay between social class geographical context determining patterns of childbearing during fertility transition. also consider effect spatial mobility or lifetime migration on individual behavior in early phases demographic modernization. Prior research transition has demonstrated substantial variation levels declines by different groups; however, these findings were generally reported at a...

Summary The eighteenth patient and seventh survivor with the Cronkhite-Canada syndrome is described. A remission of 9 years followed gastrectomy steroid therapy. Findings on seventeen other patients described in literature are reviewed. histological features discussed detail. jejunum, though macroscopically normal, showed oedema, increased vascularity mucous gland secreting activity. possible importance this aetiology discussed.