A5089481739- Plant and animal studies
- Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies
- Species Distribution and Climate Change
- Insect and Arachnid Ecology and Behavior
- Plant Parasitism and Resistance
- Animal Ecology and Behavior Studies
- Insect and Pesticide Research
- Evolution and Paleontology Studies
- Insect-Plant Interactions and Control
- Wildlife-Road Interactions and Conservation
- Botany, Ecology, and Taxonomy Studies
- Paleontology and Evolutionary Biology
- Land Use and Ecosystem Services
- Fire effects on ecosystems
- Indigenous Studies and Ecology
- Wildlife Ecology and Conservation
- Rangeland and Wildlife Management
- Genetic diversity and population structure
- Evolution and Genetic Dynamics
- Animal and Plant Science Education
- Biological Control of Invasive Species
- Ecology and Conservation Studies
- Animal Behavior and Reproduction
- Avian ecology and behavior
- Forest Insect Ecology and Management
Florida State University
2016-2025
Stockholm University
2013-2025
Albany Medical Center Hospital
2023-2025
Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory
2000-2023
Ecological Society of America
2016-2020
John Wiley & Sons (United States)
2016-2020
Ecosystem Sciences
2019
Wyoming Game and Fish Department
2019
University of Wisconsin–Madison
2019
IFC Research (United Kingdom)
2018
Ecology Letters (2011) 14: 19–28 A recent increase in studies of β diversity has yielded a confusing array concepts, measures and methods. Here, we provide roadmap the most widely used ecologically relevant approaches for analysis through series mission statements. We distinguish two types diversity: directional turnover along gradient vs. non-directional variation. Different emphasize different properties ecological data. Such include degree emphasis on presence/absence relative abundance...
β-diversity represents the compositional variation among communities from site-to-site, linking local (α-diversity) and regional (γ-diversity). Researchers often desire to compare values of across localities or experimental treatments, use this comparison infer possible mechanisms community assembly. However, majority metrics used estimate β-diversity, including most dissimilarity (e.g., Jaccard's Sørenson's index), can vary simply because changes in other two diversity components (α...
Understanding spatial variation in biodiversity along environmental gradients is a central theme ecology. Differences species compositional turnover among sites (β diversity) occurring are often used to infer the processes structuring communities. Here, we show that sampling alone predicts changes β diversity caused simply by sizes of pools. For example, forest inventories sampled latitudinal and elevational well-documented pattern higher tropics at low elevations. However, after correcting...
Calendar date of the beginning growing season at high altitude in Colorado Rocky Mountains is variable but has not changed significantly over past 25 years. This result differs from evidence low altitudes that climate change resulting a longer season, earlier migrations, and reproduction variety taxa. At our study site, controlled by melting previous winter's snowpack. Despite trend for warmer spring temperatures average snowmelt changed, perhaps because increased winter precipitation....
While small-scale studies show that more diverse native communities are less invasible by exotics, at large spatial scales often find positive correlations between and exotic diversity. This large-scale pattern is thought to arise because landscapes with favorable conditions for species also have species. From theory, we proposed an alternative hypothesis: the relationship driven heterogeneity in composition, which environment. Landscapes environment can sustain species, leading a...
Introduction. N. Cappuccino, Novel Approaches to the Study of Population Dynamics. Observation and Comparative Approaches: P. Turchin, Regulation: Old Arguments a New Synthesis. A.F. Hunter, Ecology, Life History Phylogeny Outbreak Nonoutbreak Species. H. Damman, J.-F. Dubuc, Spatial Behavior Temporal Dynamics M.J. Auerbach, E.F. Connor, S. Mopper, Minor Miners Major Miners: Leaf-Mining Insects. Mechanisms Processes Dynamics: R.F. Denno M.A. Peterson, Density-Dependent Dispersal its...
Competition is an important interaction in ecology, and many experiments have been done to examine the effects of intraspecific interspecific competition. Unfortunately, most these using either substitution or additive experimental designs. Substitution designs, a lesser extent severely limit useful inferences that ecologists can draw from resulting data. Response surface which vary densities two competing species independently, offer advantage being able compare fits alternative competition...
Background Crocodilians have dominated predatory niches at the water-land interface for over 85 million years. Like their ancestors, living species show substantial variation in jaw proportions, dental form and body size. These differences are often assumed to reflect anatomical specialization related feeding niche occupation, but quantified data scant. How these factors relate biomechanical performance during relevance crocodilian evolutionary success not known. Methodology/Principal...
Background Archaeopteryx is the oldest and most primitive known bird (Avialae). It believed that growth energetic physiology of basalmost birds such as were inherited in their entirety from non-avialan dinosaurs. This hypothesis predicts long bones these formed using rapidly growing, well-vascularized woven tissue typical Methodology/Principal Findings We report are composed nearly avascular parallel-fibered bone. among slowest growing osseous tissues common ectothermic reptiles. These...
Abstract: Grazing and fire are major forces shaping patterns of native exotic species diversity in many grasslands, yet both these disturbances have notoriously variable effects. Few studies examined how landscape‐level heterogeneity grassland characteristics, such as soil‐based variation biomass composition, may contribute to the effects or grazing. We studied livestock grazing a mosaic serpentine nonserpentine soils California, where most grasslands dominated by annuals soil is refuge for...
The size and age structures for four assemblages of North American tyrannosaurs-Albertosaurus, Tyrannosaurus, Gorgosaurus, Daspletosaurus-reveal a pronounced, bootstrap-supported pattern age-specific mortality characterized by relatively high juvenile survivorship increased at midlife near the maximum life span. Such patterns are common today in wild populations long-lived birds mammals. Factors such as predation entrance into breeding population may have influenced tyrannosaur survivorship....
Effects of neighboring plants on herbivore damage to a focal plant (associational effects) have been documented in many systems and can lead either increased or decreased attack. Mechanistic models that explain the observed variety responses local community composition have, however, lacking. We present model patches consist two types, where densities are determined by combination patch-finding, within-patch redistribution, patch-leaving. Our analyses show effect neighborhood herbivores...
Understanding the large-scale distribution of species diversity requires distinguishing two primary factors that cause compositional differences: dispersal limitation and environmental variation. In a community with naturally discontinuous spatial structure, we asked (1) at what scale(s) nonrandom variation in composition occurs (2) such is associated separation, indicative limitation, heterogeneity? We sampled 50 seeps (small wetlands) on five serpentine outcrops. Using randomization model,...
Abstract Aim A long‐standing challenge in ecology is to identify the suite of factors that lead turnover species composition both space and time. These might be stochastic (e.g. sampling priority effects) or deterministic competition environmental filtering). While numerous studies have examined relationship between individual drivers interest primary productivity, habitat heterogeneity, regional – ‘gamma’ diversity), few disentangled simultaneous influences multiple processes on temporal...
Habitat loss can have a negative effect on the number, abundance, and composition of species in plant-pollinator communities. Although we general understanding consequences habitat for biodiversity, much less is known about resulting effects pattern interactions mutualistic networks. Ecological networks formed by often exhibit highly nested architecture with low modularity, especially comparison antagonistic These patterns interaction are thought to confer stability With growing threat...
Abstract Measures of the seasonal timing biological events are key to addressing questions about how phenology evolves, modifies species interactions, and mediates responses climate change. Phenology is often characterized in terms discrete events, such as a date first flowering or arrival migrants. We discuss phenological that typically measured at population level arise from distributions across seasons, norms reaction these environments. argue individual variation has important...
Abstract Climate change is shifting the environmental cues that determine phenology of interacting species. Plant–pollinator systems may be susceptible to temporal mismatch if bees and flowering plants differ in their phenological responses warming temperatures. While trigger are well‐understood, little known about what determines bee phenology. Using generalised additive models, we analyzed time‐series data representing 67 species collected over 9 years Colorado Rocky Mountains perform...
The timing of life events (phenology) can be influenced by climate. Studies from around the world tell us that climate cues and species' responses vary greatly. If variation in effects on phenology is strong within a single ecosystem, change could lead to ecological disruption, but detailed data diverse taxa ecosystem are rare. We collated first sighting median activity high-elevation environment for plants, insects, birds, mammals an amphibian across 45 years (1975–2020). related 10 812...
Interactions between plants and herbivores are central in most ecosystems, but their strength is highly variable. The amount of variability within a system thought to influence aspects plant-herbivore biology, from ecological stability plant defense evolution. Our understanding what influences variability, however, limited by sparse data. We collected standardized surveys herbivory for 503 species at 790 sites across 116° latitude. With these data, we show that within-population increases...
Population models that combine demography and dispersal are important tools for forecasting the spatial spread of biological invasions. Current describe dynamics only one sex (typically females). Such cannot account sex-related biases in mating behavior typical many animal species. In this article, we construct a two-sex integrodifference equation model overcomes these limitations. We derive an explicit formula invasion speed from use it to show sex-biased may significantly increase or...
Climate change models often assume similar responses to temperatures across the range of a species, but local adaptation or phenotypic plasticity can lead plants and animals respond differently temperature in different parts their range. To date, there have been few tests this assumption at scale continents, so it is unclear if large-scale problem. Here, we examined that insect taxa show 96 sites grassy habitats North America. We sampled insects with Malaise traps during 2019-2021 (N = 1041...
Abstract Recent reports of insect declines have caused concern among scientists and the public. Declines in abundance biomass are ubiquitous across many climatic zones been largely attributed to anthropogenic land use intensification climate change. However, there few examples long‐term continuous data relatively undisturbed environments, as opposed agricultural landscapes. We sampled insects weekly from 1986 2020 a protected subalpine meadow Colorado, which is embedded an natural landscape....