In the present study, we have used wild-type and palmitoylation-deficient mouse 5-hydroxytryptamine(1A) receptor (5-HT1A) receptors fused to yellow fluorescent protein- cyan protein (CFP)-tagged alpha(i3) subunit of heterotrimeric G-protein study spatiotemporal distribution 5-HT1A-mediated signaling in living cells. We also addressed question on molecular mechanisms by which palmitoylation may regulate communication between G(i)-proteins. Our data demonstrate that activation 5-HT1A caused a...

The dysfunction of the small-conductance calcium-activated K+ channel SK3 has been described as one factors responsible for progress psychoneurological diseases, but molecular basis this is largely unknown. This report reveals through use immunohistochemistry and computational tomography that long-term increased expression potassium (SK3-T/T) in mice induces a notable bilateral reduction hippocampal area (more than 50 %). Histological analysis showed SK3-T/T have cellular disarrangements...

Cocaine experience generates AMPA receptor (AMPAR)-silent synapses in the nucleus accumbens (NAc), which are thought to be new synaptic contacts enriched GluN2B-containing NMDA receptors (NMDARs). After drug withdrawal, some of these mature by recruiting AMPARs, strengthening newly established transmission. Silent synapse generation and maturation two consecutive cellular steps through NAc circuits profoundly remodeled promote cue-induced cocaine seeking after withdrawal. However, basic...

Rett syndrome (RTT) patients experience learning difficulties and memory loss. Analogous deficits of hippocampal plasticity are reported in mouse models RTT. To elucidate the underlying pathophysiology, we studied long term potentiation (LTP) at CA3 to CA1 synapses hippocampus acute brain slices from WT Mecp2-/y mice, by either activating cAMP dependent pathway or using high frequency stimulation, means patch clamp. We have observed that, NMDA channel current characteristics remain unchanged...

Abstract In the cerebellar cortex, Bergmann glia enclose synapses of both parallel and climbing fiber inputs to Purkinje neuron. The express Ca 2+ ‐permeable AMPA receptors, GLAST GLT‐1 classes glutamate transporter, which are activated by released during synaptic transmission. We have previously reported that glial transmission in rat slices exhibits a form frequency‐dependent plasticity, namely long‐term depression, following repetitive stimulation at 0.1–1 Hz. Here, we report this...

Hyperventilation is a known feature of Rett syndrome (RTT). However, how hyperventilation related to other RTT symptoms such as hyperexcitability unknown. Intense breathing during induces hypocapnia and culminates in respiratory alkalosis. Alkalinization extracellular milieu can trigger epilepsy patients who already have neuronal hyperexcitability. By combining patch-clamp electrophysiology quantitative glutamate imaging, we compared excitability CA1 neurons WT Mecp2 (-/y) mice, analyzed the...

In the rat cerebellar molecular layer, spillover of glutamate between parallel fibre synapses can lead to activation perisynaptic receptors that mediate short- and long-term plasticity. This effect is greatest when clusters fibres are stimulated at high frequencies, suggesting clearance mechanisms must be overwhelmed before occur. However, also release transmitter directly into extracellular space, from 'ectopic' sites. Ectopic transmission activates AMPA on Bergmann glial cell processes...

Abstract Background Infections can aggravate the course of neurodegenerative diseases including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Mutations in anti-oxidant enzyme Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase (EC 1.15.1.1, SOD1) are associated with familial ALS. Streptococcus pneumoniae, most frequent respiratory pathogen, causes damage by action cholesterol-binding virulence factor pneumolysin and stimulation innate immune system, particularly via Toll-like-receptor 2. Methods SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells...

Abstract Classical synaptic transmission occurs at active zones within the cleft, but increasing evidence suggests that vesicle fusion can also occur outside of these zones, releasing transmitter directly into extrasynaptic space. The role such “ectopic” release is unclear, in cerebellar molecular layer it thought to guide processes Bergmann glia toward terminals through activation glial α‐amino‐3‐hydroxyl‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazolepropionate (AMPA) receptors. Once surrounding terminal, process...

Excess glutamate during intense neuronal activity is not instantly cleared and may accumulate in the extracellular space. This has various long-term consequences such as ectopic signaling, modulation of synaptic efficacy excitotoxicity; latter implicated neurodevelopmental neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, quantitative imaging homeostasis hippocampal slices from methyl-CpG binding protein 2 knock-out (Mecp2-/y) mice, a model Rett syndrome (RTT), revealed unusual repetitive...

Rett syndrome (RTT) is a neurological disorder caused by the mutation of X-linked MECP2 gene. Neurophysiological hallmark RTT phenotype hyperexcitability neurons that represent cause frequent epileptic attacks in patients. This feature may stem from impaired glutamate handling but concerning experimental data are yet lacking. We previously reported hippocampal slices frequently show aberrant transients associated with repetitive burst firing CA1 neurons. here examined roles ionotropic, and...

Background Cerebellar parallel fibres release glutamate at both the synaptic active zone and extrasynaptic sites—a process known as ectopic release. These sites exhibit different short-term long-term plasticity, basis of which is incompletely understood but depends on efficiency vesicle recycling. To investigate whether calcium from internal stores contributes to these differences in we tested effects ryanodine receptor agonist caffeine transmission. Methods Whole cell patch clamp recordings...

Ammonia ( NH4+ ) is a by-product of cell metabolism and may elicit subcellular effects with specific physiological responses. Chronic have been implicated in several neurological diseases attributed to persistent elevation blood ammonia levels transferred the brain. In previous studies activities neurons astrocytes examined at concentrations an order magnitude higher than measured blood. The developed within minutes. Here we focused upon acute responses whether they occur much lower doses....