This paper focuses on the problem of source localization using time-difference-of-arrival (TDOA) measurements in both 2-D and 3-D spaces. Different from existing studies where variance TDOA measurement noises is assumed to be independent associated source-to-sensor distances, we consider more realistic model a function which dramatically complicates TDOA-based localization. After formulating distance-dependent noise model, prove that extra information about location functional improves...

Indoor positioning system (IPS) has become one of the most attractive research fields due to increasing demands on location-based services (LBSs) in indoor environments. Various IPSs have been developed under different circumstances, and them adopt fingerprinting technique mitigate pervasive multipath effects. However, performance severely suffers from device heterogeneity existing across commercial off-the-shelf mobile devices (e.g., smart phones, tablet computers, etc.) environmental...

Fingerprint-based localization relies on an accurate and up-to-date radio map, which is however cumbersome to obtain. In this paper, a novel scheme proposed online adapt maps environmental dynamics by using low-cost crowdsourced received signal strength (RSS) measurements. To be specific, coarse-grained map initially established in the offline phase utilizing standard Gaussian process regression (GPR) given limited number of fingerprints (i.e., RSS measurements with location labels), further...

Recently, with the development of artificial intelligence technologies and popularity mobile devices, walking detection step counting have gained much attention since they play an important role in fields equipment positioning, saving energy, behavior recognition, etc. In this paper, a novel algorithm is proposed to simultaneously detect motion count steps through unconstrained smartphones sense that smartphone placement not only arbitrary but also alterable. On account periodicity...

In order to overcome the shortcomings of Beihang University Aeronautical and Astronautics inertial terrain-aided navigation II (BITAN II) algorithm, which is based on extended Kalman filtering, a novel algorithm combined with terrain contour matching (TERCOM) particle filter proposed. Compared BITAN II, proposed involves new framework, acquisition mode, mode control logic. particular, employs TERCOM implement consistency voting can quickly accurately obtain an initial position given in large...

Accurate Location Based Service (LBS) is one of the fundamental but crucial services in era Internet Things (IoT). WiFi fingerprinting-based Indoor Positioning System (IPS) has become most promising solution for indoor LBS. However, offline calibrated received signal strength (RSS) radio map unable to provide consistent LBS with high localization accuracy under various environmental dynamics. To address this issue, we propose TKL-WinSMS as a systematic strategy, which able realize robust and...

Pedestrian dead reckoning (PDR) is a promising complementary technique to balance the requirements on both accuracy and costs in outdoor indoor positioning systems. In this paper, we propose unified framework comprehensively tackle three sub problems involved PDR, including step detection counting, heading estimation length estimation, based sequentially rotating device (reference) frame Earth through sensor fusion. To be specific, robust counting algorithm devised according vertical angular...

Most existing indoor positioning systems (IPSs) adopt the WiFi fingerprinting technique to localize enabled mobile devices. In this paper, we improve based IPS by efficiently combining universal Kriging (UK) interpolation method, K nearest neighbor (KNN) and naive Bayes classifier (NBC). Specially, proposed takes into account comprehensive features of received signal strengths (RSSs) adopting UK method area partitioning, further mitigates boundary effect (which deteriorates localization...

The radio map built during the offline phase of any WiFi fingerprint-based localization system usually scales with number access points (APs) that can be detected at a single location by mobile device, but this in practice as large 100, only few which essentially contribute to localization. Simply involving all APs fingerprints and thus not wastes excessive storage also leads computational overhead. In paper, theoretical analysis WiFi-based determination is conducted investigate resulting...

In public places, even if pedestrians do not have their mobile devices connected with any WiFi access point (AP), probe requests will be broadcast, so that sniffers can employed to crowdsource these packets for use. This paper tackles the problem of exploiting passive sensing approach pedestrian flow analysis. To specific, a model is first established based on probabilistic analysis interactions between and moving flow, capturing main factors affecting characteristics. On basis, sequential...

The explosive proliferation of mobile devices and the popularity social networks have spurred extensive demands on Location Based Services (LBSs) in recent decades. IEEE 802.11 (WiFi) based Indoor Positioning Systems (IPSs) are gaining because wide ubiquitous availability WiFi infrastructures indoor environments. Most IPSs adopting fingerprinting approach to mitigate pervasive multipath effects. However, heterogeneity significantly degrades localization performance approach. In this paper,...

This paper deals with a key problem in WiFi fingerprint-based localization, namely how to sample sufficient number of received signal strength (RSS) measurements during an offline site survey. To this end, probabilistic framework is firstly presented characterize the ability distinguishing two fingerprints, and then applied both ideally infinite sampling case realistically finite correlated samples. On these grounds, it shown that Euclidean distance between vectors mean RSS at any positions...

Crowdsourcing dramatically benefits WiFi fingerprinting localization in reducing the costs of collecting received signal strength (RSS) data during offline site survey and has gained much attention literature. This article proposes a deep-learning-based indoor positioning system (IPS), termed SeqIPS, to sufficiently exploit available information crowdsourced sequential RSS inertial measurement unit (IMU) data. However, there exist following three challenges: 1) relatively large label noises...

Passive WiFi localization refers to determining the location of WiFi-enabled mobile devices by deploying dedicated access points sniff packets transmitted these and measure corresponding received signal strengths (RSSs) for use in localization. However, most existing studies fail consider effect multiple channels where are sniffed. The problem is further exacerbated device heterogeneity occurring across various devices. In this article, we present a unified deep neural network (DNN)-based...

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have various advantages, but suffer from their limited energy in practical applications. Therefore, it is important to establish reasonable power consumption models for further efficient power. However, most existing works either theoretical fixed-wing UAVs and single-rotor or provide heuristic multi-rotor without rigorous mathematical derivations. This paper aims UAVs. To be specific, the closed-form a UAV three flight statuses, i.e., forward flight, vertical...

In multihop localization procedures where not every node at unknown positions (i.e., sensors) can directly measure distances to nodes known anchors), sensor errors normally propagate increase) as sensors progressively more distant from anchors are localized. To understand error propagation, we consider a primitive scenario: Nodes deployed within disk according homogeneous Poisson point process, the around center anchors, other sensors, and localized outside in hop-by-hop manner. Supposing...

In recent years, mobile device (e.g., smartphone, tablet and etc.) equipped with various inertial sensors is increasingly popular in daily life, a large number of applications have been developed based on such built-in sensors. particular, detecting counting steps prerequisite for many applications, as smart healthcare, home, tracking location, etc., thus has attained much attention. Peak detection known to be one the simplest most efficient solutions this field, but suffers from drift...

Online public transit ridership information is helpful to enhance the service quality of urban transportation and travel experiences passengers. Passive WiFi sensing collects probe (request) frames sent by nearby mobile devices in a non-intrusive manner, can thus be employed monitor ridership. Compared with existing non-WiFi based approaches, passive approaches demonstrate advantages limited interferences, large coverage, low costs lightweight calculations. More recently, although some...

This paper focuses on the problem of source localization using time-of-arrival (TOA) measurements. Differently from existing studies assuming that TOA measurement noises are independent and identically distributed, we deal with more practical measurements suffering heteroscedastic due to different physical distances between a multiple sensors. Consequently, variance noise is distance-dependent. From information point view, distance-dependent contains certain about location, as such helps...