Organic dyes extracted from plants, insects, and shellfish have been used for millennia in dyeing textiles manufacturing colorants painting. The economic push with high tinting strength, directly related to extinction coefficients the visible range, historically led selection of substances that could be at low concentrations. But a desirable property colorist is major problem analytical chemist; identification cultural heritage objects extremely difficult. Techniques routinely inorganic...

Abstract Surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) was used in this work to obtain highly detailed spectra of artists' red lake pigments and colorants. In the past, has been successfully employed identify many modern synthetic dyes. Unfortunately, dyes commonly artistic production from antiquity mid‐nineteenth century are often extremely fluorescent, making identification with difficult or impossible. This presents an innovative SERS technique that quenches fluorescence, significantly...

Tailored ad-hoc methods must be developed for successful identification of minute amounts natural dyes on works art using Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS). This article details two these approaches silver film over nanosphere (AgFON) substrates and silica gel coupled with citrate-reduced Ag colloids. The latter substrate functions as the test system coupling thin-layer chromatography SERS (TLC-SERS), which has been used in current research to separate characterize a mixture several...

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has been developed as a direct, extractionless, nonhydrolysis tool to detect lake pigments and colorants of various classes used in variety artist materials. Presented first is the SERS analysis natural colorant turmeric (Curcuma longa L.), main component curcumin, present dry pigment grains, dyed textile yarns, reference paint layers containing bound animal glue painted on glass. This experiment demonstrated that it possible chromophore matrixes...

Confirmatory, nondestructive, and noninvasive identification of colorants in situ is critical importance for the understanding historical context long-term preservation cultural heritage objects. Although there are several established techniques analyzing materials, very few analytical methods that can be used molecular characterization when little sample available, a minimally invasive approach required. Tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) powerful technique whose key features include...

This work demonstrates the development of near-infrared surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (NIR-SERS) for identification eosin Y, an important historical dye. NIR-SERS benefits from absence some common sources SERS signal loss including photobleaching and plasmonic heating, as well advantageous reduction in fluorescence, which is beneficial art applications. also represents first rigorous comparison enhancement factors relative merits two substrates utilized applications; namely,...

Abstract The fading of pigments in items importance to cultural heritage, such as paintings, works art on paper, and textiles, is a ubiquitous problem. Tools currently available that can detect identify organic colorants severely degraded are rare, given the heavy deterioration restricted availability sample. Recently, however, surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy has shown great promise detecting identifying mass‐limited samples. conservation field seized upon opportunity...

The Art Institute of Chicago (AIC) owns one the largest and very finest collections 19th century French Impressionist Post‐Impressionist paintings in world. While palette Impressionists has been extensively characterized for what concerns both traditional innovative inorganic pigments, to date, identification red organic lakes – widely used their intense, brilliant color posed an analytical challenge. In this work, firstly, surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy applied analysis lake paint...

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is an ideal tool for analyzing dyes on historical textiles because it requires very little sample compared to other available analytical methods and analysis can be done directly the fiber. This paper reports first systematic study of use citrate-reduced silver colloidal pastes direct, extractionless, non-hydrolysis detection wool, silk, cotton, flax fibers. type provides greater insight into optimal conditions required accurate in samples. In this...

Silver film over nanospheres (AgFONs) were successfully employed as surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrates to characterize several artists' red dyes including: alizarin, purpurin, carminic acid, cochineal, and lac dye. Spectra collected on sample volumes (1 × 10 −6 M or 15 ng/μL) similar those that would be found in a museum setting higher resolution consistency than silver island films (AgIFs). In fact, the best of authors' knowledge, this work presents highest spectrum...

The Raman spectra of approximately 20 reference samples cobalt‐based green and violet artists' pigments various provenance (present day manufactory, historical from a contemporary artist's studio) were acquired to assist in the identification unknown works by Pablo Picasso (1881–1973) Jasper Johns (b. 1930). Specifically, obtained for cobalt titanate greens (Co 2 TiO 4 ), highlighting variability peak positions because ionic substitutions spinel structures such pigments. magnesium arsenate...

Recent methodological and instrumental advances have afforded surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) wide recognition in the cultural heritage field as a powerful tool for analysis of organic colorants. The many advantages SERS are counterbalanced by fact that it has limited ability to resolve dye mixtures. In this work, systematic study was conducted determine technique's discriminate closely related molecules binary mixtures selection natural red dyes widely used painting textile...

This study reports the multi-analytical investigation of ready-mixed house paints used by artists such as Pablo Picasso (1881-1973) in first half twentieth century. The pigment composition paint swatches on four historic sample cards from Art Institute Chicago reference collection was characterized thorough screening using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopies, followed Raman spectroscopy when necessary. Spectroscopic investigations highlighted...

A selection of 50 red stoneware objects, polished, unpolished, partially polished or glazed, from different collections (Département du Patrimoine et des Collections de la Cité Céramique, Sèvres, France; Art Institute Chicago; a private collection), attributed to 18th century Böttger, 20th Meissen (Saxony) and Chinese productions have been analyzed with portable X‐ray fluorescence spectrometer in museum/collector rooms. The comparison major (Si, Al), minor (K,Ca,Fe), trace (Ti, Mn, Zr, Rb,...

To date, little attention has been given to the scientific investigation of modern and contemporary mural paintings. This paper reports on: (1) in situ spectroscopic analyses Tuttomondo (1989) painted by Keith Haring (1958-1990) Pisa (Italy); (2) laboratory characterization acrylic paints produced Caparol Italy GmbH & Co., original supplier paint materials artist for mural. Ultraviolet (UV), visible (Vis), near-infrared (NIR) fiber optic reflectance spectroscopy (FORS) measurements were...

Twenty‐one glazed red stoneware objects, with gilded or gold‐painted decor from different collections (Cité de la Céramique, Sèvres, France; Art Institute of Chicago, USA ; a private collection) attributed to 18th century Böttger, Meissen (Saxony) have been analyzed portable X‐ray fluorescence spectrometer ( XRF ) and fixed Raman micro‐spectrometer in laboratory/museum/collector rooms. Analysis was aimed at gaining deeper understanding the technology production gilding black glaze, augment...

This paper reports on the comparative evaluation of traditional and innovative methods for investigation mortar technology. Preliminary results various approaches to determining mix proportions in lime mortars with carbonate aggregate are presented. Quantitative analysis was tested ad hoc prepared known composition containing aggregates different origin (travertine Bath limestone). Wet chemical methods, manual disaggregation Digital Image Analysis thin sections cross‐sections stained...