Abstract Vancomycin, a branched tricyclic glycosylated peptide antibiotic, is last-line defence against serious infections caused by staphylococci, enterococci and other Gram-positive bacteria. Orally-administered vancomycin the drug of choice to treat pseudomembranous enterocolitis in gastrointestinal tract. However, risk vancomycin-resistant enterococcal infection or colonization significantly associated with oral vancomycin. Using powerful matrix-free assay co-sedimentation analytical...

Food flavour ingredients are required by law to obtain prior approval from regulatory bodies, such as the U.S. and Drug Administration (FDA) or European Safety Authority (EFSA) in terms of toxicological data intended use levels. However, there no regulations for labelling type concentration additives on product, primarily due their low food generally recognised safe (GRAS) status determined extract manufacturers' association (FEMA). Their e-cigarettes other vaping products challenges these...

VanA-type resistance to glycopeptide antibiotics in clinical enterococci is regulated by the VanS

Abstract Consumer sensory evaluation, aroma release analysis and biophysical protein were used to investigate the effect of ethanol on perception flavour in beer (lager stout) at different levels (0 5% ABV). study results showed no significant differences orthonasal perception, yet retronasal that 0% lager was perceived as maltier with reduced fruitiness, sweetness, fullness/body alcohol warming sensation ( p < 0.05). Whilst alone decreases regardless Log P , presence α-amylase...

Abstract The reversibility and strength of the previously established dimerization important glycopeptide antibiotic vancomycin in four different aqueous solvents (including a medically-used formulation) have been studied using short-column sedimentation equilibrium analytical ultracentrifuge model-independent SEDFIT-MSTAR analysis across range loading concentrations. change weight average molar mass M w with concentration was consistent monomer-dimer equilibrium. Overlap data sets point...

Abstract The natural glycopeptide antibiotic teicoplanin is used for the treatment of serious Gram-positive related bacterial infections and can be administered intravenously, intramuscularly, topically (ocular infections), or orally. It has also been considered targeting viral infection by SARS-CoV-2. hydrodynamic properties A2 ( M 1 = 1880 g/mol) were examined in phosphate chloride buffer (pH 6.8, I 0.10 M) using sedimentation velocity equilibrium analytical ultracentrifuge together with...

To reduce animal testing, there is a need to develop novel in-vitro models for evaluating the retention of bioactive compounds in food and pharmaceutical products. Here, mucus-mimetic platform was developed through one-step approach based on encapsulating mucin within alginate gel beads. We found that mucins form micron sized aggregates distributed across surface calcium-alginate bead, as shown by environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM). Retention mucin-functionalised tested using...

While a good mucoadhesive biopolymer must adhere to mucus membrane, it also have unloading ability. Here, we demonstrate that the pullulan is partially digested by human salivary α-amylase, thus acting as controlled release system, in which enzyme triggers an increased of flavour. Our oral processing simulations confirmed increase bioavailability aroma and salt compounds function degradation, although kinetics suggest rather slow process. One greatest challenges flavour science retain...

In an interlaboratory study we compare different methods to determine the weight-average molecular weight (Mw) and distribution of six cereal beta-glucan isolates nutritional importance. Size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) with multi-angle light scattering (MALS), capillary viscometry, sedimentation velocity analytical ultracentrifugation one asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation (AF4)-MALS method all yielded similar Mw values for mostly individual chains dissolved molecules. SEC...

Submaxillary mucin is a major component that defines the makeup and functionality of saliva. Understanding its structure function during food intake key to designing appropriate strategies for enhancing delivery flavour. In present study, hydrodynamic integrity bovine submaxillary was characterised under physiological acidic conditions it shown have broad molecular weight distribution with species ranging from 100 kDa over 2000 kDa, random coil type conformation. A decrease in pH appeared...

This study concerns glulisine, a rapid-acting insulin analogue that plays fundamental role in diabetes management. We have applied combination of methods namely X-ray crystallography, and biophysical characterisation to provide detailed insight into the structure function glulisine. data provided structural information resolution 1.26 Å. Crystals belonged H3 space group with hexagonal (centred trigonal) cell dimensions = b 82.44 c 33.65 Å two molecules asymmetric unit. A unique position...

Use of oral nutritional supplements (ONS) in undernourished patients has proven clinical benefits, but this can be hampered by low adherence due to poor experience palatability. Many patients, particularly older hyposalivation which cause taste changes and reduce the enjoyment foods. The aim study was investigate differences temporal consumption (comprising sensory perception, in-mouth aroma release subjective appetite) a clinically relevant portion ONS, for groups differing saliva flow...

This work evaluated the hydrodynamic properties of heparin hydrolysed at temperatures ranging from 40 °C to 80 in buffered acid and alkaline environments. The correlation between parameters led conclusion that polymer conformational changes appeared be minimal until chain depolymerisation, initiated pH 1 °C. However, synergy changes, even if minimal, sulphate loss observed 1, 3 12 (various temperatures) resulted a antifactor Xa activity. Therefore, ‘contribution’ should added generally...

In establishing the sources of data variability within sedimentation velocity analysis in analytical ultracentrifuge and their relative importance, recent studies have demonstrated that alignment sample cells to centre rotation is most significant contributing factor overall variability, particularly for characterisation low levels protein aggregation. Accurate mechanical optical tools been recently designed. this study, we (1) confirm effect misalignment observed by others on estimated...

Abstract Current saliva testing methods rely on cutting edge yet expensive techniques for the detection and analysis of genetic material, proteins biomarkers clinical use. However, these are limited in scope often cannot be used with complex food materials. We propose an efficient ex - vivo tool evaluating biologically relevant interactions between components human using sedimentation velocity analytical ultracentrifugation (SV-AUC). evaluated macromolecular content from “unstimulated” (US)...

Abstract Aroma compounds are diverse low molecular weight organic molecules responsible for the flavour of food, medicines or cosmetics. Natural and artificial aroma manufactured used by industry to enhance fragrance products. While concentrations present in food may leave no effect on structural integrity mucosa, concentrated volatiles is not well understood. At high concentrations, like those found some flavoured products such as e-cigarettes, suggested elicit a certain degree change mucin...

This investigation examines the source of disparity between experimental values light scattering second virial coefficient [Formula: see text] (mL.mol/g2) for proteins and those predicted on statistical mechanical basis excluded volume. A much better theoretical description published results lysozyme is obtained by considering parameters to monitor difference thermodynamic volume term its hydrodynamic counterpart. involves a combination quantifying concentration dependence translational...

Beta 1-3, 1-4 glucans ("beta-glucans") are one of the key components cell wall cereals, complementing main structural component cellulose. Beta-glucans also an important source soluble fibre in foods containing oats with claims other beneficial nutritional properties such as plasma cholesterol lowering humans. Key to function beta-glucans is their molecular weight and because high polydispersity - distribution. Analytical ultracentrifugation provides a matrix-free approach (not requiring...

Hyaluronic acid (HA) has been commonly used in eyedrop formulations due to its viscous lubricating properties even at low concentration, acting as a supplement for ocular mucin (principally MUC5AC) which diminishes with aging condition known Keratoconjunctivitis sicca or “dry eye”. A difficulty short residence time on surfaces clearance mechanisms remove the polysaccharide almost immediately. To prolong retention time, tamarind seed gum (TSP) is mixed helper biopolymer HA. Here we look...

Starches from three organically produced cultivars of potato tuber (Lady Rosetta, Spunta and Voyager) have been studied in relation to (i) acrylamide production (ii) macromolecular integrity after frying with extra virgin olive oil, soybean oil corn oil. During cultivation, a treatment involving the combination nitrogen, phosphorus potassium fertilization under organic farming was applied (N1, P2, K1 where Ν1 = 1.3 g Ν per plant, P2 5.2 P2O5 Κ1 4.0 K2O plant).Potatoes fried retained highest...