A key aspect of the design any software system is its architecture. An architecture description, from a runtime perspective, should provide formal specification in terms components and connectors how they are composed together. Further, dynamic or mobile description must can change at runtime. Enabling architectures large challenge for an Architecture Description Language (ADL). This article describes π-ADL, novel ADL that has been designed ArchWare European Project to address architectures....

Reference architectures have emerged as a special type of software architecture that achieves well-recognized understanding specific domains, promoting reuse design expertise and facilitating the development, standardization, evolution systems. Designed for various domains purpose, they increasingly impacted important aspects system such productivity quality However, reference been sometimes established without an adequate concern about which elements should encompass. Besides that, there is...

Conceiving Software Architecture Description Languages (ADLs) has been the subject of intensive research in last two decades resulting definition several ADLs for describing static and dynamic software architectures (often large) single systems. However, none these expressive power to formally describe architecture a System-of-Systems (SoS). For addressing this challenge, paper proposes novel ADL, named SosADL, specially conceived SoSs. It embodies SoS architectural concepts while providing...

Currently, software systems have become increasingly large and complex, often resulted by the integration of several operationally independent systems, resulting in a new class systems: Systems (SoS). In another perspective, architectures play major role determining system quality, since they form backbone any successful software-intensive system. Attention given to SoS is also certainly fundamental success such systems. However, it observed that there lack works present wide and, at same...

In system-of-systems (SoS), a mission is an essential information that can guide the whole SoS development process. Through so-called model, it possible to identify required capabilities for constituent system, operations, connections, emergent behavior, among other elements characterize SoS. Although importance of missions domain, literature provides few proposals focus on and none them encompass conceptual model representing or language define models. this paper, we present mKAOS,...

Reference architectures have emerged as a special type of software architecture that achieves well-recognized understanding specific domains, promoting reuse design expertise and facilitating the development, standardization, evolution systems. Because their advantages, several reference been proposed also successfully used, including in industry. However, most these are still built using an ad-hoc approach, lacking systematization to construction. If existing, approaches could motivate...

Software architectures have been recognized as the backbone to success of any software system. In addition, they are responsible aggregate quality attributes, such interoperability, dependability, and maintainability, these systems. parallel, currently, a new class complex systems has emerged, referred Systems (SoS), resulting from number operationally managerially independent working together fulfill mission that none system alone could provide. Considering their complexity, development SoS...

Dynamic software architectures are those that describe how components and connectors can be created, interconnected, and/or removed during system execution. Most existing architecture description languages (ADLs) provide a limited support to expressively these entail architectural mismatches inconsistencies between implementation due their decoupling from implementation. In this paper, we introduce the dynamic reconfiguration provided by π-ADL, formal, well-founded theoretically language for...

A critical issue for the design of a System-of-Systems (SoS) is formal description its architecture. One complicating factors formally describing SoS architectures that they evolve dynamically, during run-time, in unexpected ways. Today, none existing process calculi applied architecture software-intensive single systems has expressive power to describe SoSs. To address this issue, paper proposes novel calculus, π-Calculus SoS, which was specially conceived enabling SoSs, meeting their...

Software that cannot evolve is condemned to atrophy: it accommodate the constant revision and re-negotiation of its business goals nor intercept potential new technology. To change in software systems, we have defined an active architecture be: dynamic structure cardinality components interactions are changeable during execution; updatable can be replaced; decomposable executing system may (partially) stopped split up into interactions; reflective specification evolved execution. Here...

A system-of-systems (SoS) can be understood as a set of complex, independent, heterogeneous constituent systems, which are composed to form larger and more complex system aiming at accomplishing given mission. Each accomplishes its own individual mission is able collaboratively contribute the accomplishment global SoS. Despite importance central role played by missions in SoS, current literature lacks studies focused on analyzing such their specificities. The existing initiatives...

Systems-of-systems (SoS) are alliances of independent and interoperable software-intensive systems. SoS often support critical domains, being required to exhibit a reliable operation, specially because people's safety relies on their services. In this direction, simulations enable the validation different operational scenarios in controlled environment, allowing benchmarking its response as well revealing possible breaches that could lead failures. However, traditionally manual, demanding...

Software-intensive systems have become increasingly large and complex new techniques methodologies are necessary to deal with such complexity. Model-Driven Development (MDD) has been used scenarios, since software models, despite details, facilitate the visualization of whole. Moreover, MDD widely recognized as a way assure quality, reducing time effort, making possible automatic transformation models generate source code. In this direction, software-intensive Systems-of-Systems (SoS) is...

Systems-of-Systems (SoSs) are evolutionary developed from independent systems to achieve missions through emergent behavior. As concrete which will actually participate in an SoS are, general, not known at designtime, SoSs need dynamically create coalitions among possible constituent run-time. Due these uncertainties, the architecture needs be described abstractly designtime and then concretely constituted An abstract description can thereby specify correctness properties of that formed In...

π-ARL is a formal (executable) architecture refinement language providing architecture-centric primitives and constructs for their compositions. When applied, actions expressed in refine architectural models described π-ADL outputting new refined π-ADL. Enabling stepwise challenge the development of complex software systems. This article presents simple but realistic case study use refinement. It illustrates expressiveness usefulness π-ARL. The addresses modelling Data Acquisition System....

Software-intensive systems are often independently developed, operated, managed, and evolved. Progressively, communication networks have enabled these independent to interact, yielding a new kind of complex system, i.e. system that is itself composed systems, the so-called System-of-Systems (SoS). By its nature, SoS exhibits emergent behaviors. Nowadays, none Architecture Description Languages (ADLs), which been developed for modeling architectural behavior single software-intensive has...

Smart cities typically encompass several of distributed systems engaged in complex relationships including the integration and interaction with other towards providing new functionalities. These lead to so-called systems-of-systems (SoS), a widespread set independent, heterogeneous that have their own purpose collaborate each fulfill common global missions. The SoS concept has indeed emerged as an active domain research recent years it is crucial importance for societal challenges facing...

A System-of-Systems (SoS) is evolutionary developed from independent systems to achieve missions not possible be accomplished by a single system alone. They are architecturally designed exhibit emergent behavior, i.e. new behavior that stem the interactions among constituent systems, but cannot deduced behaviors of themselves. This paper presents concepts and constructs novel Architecture Description Language (ADL), named SosADL, for describing software-intensive SoSs. It refines notion...

Software systems have become increasingly complex and are often used in highly dynamic, distributed mobile environments. Formal development of such software order to guarantee their completeness correctness is a large research challenge. This article presents the π-Method, novel formal method that has been designed ArchWare European Project address model-driven safe systems. It well-founded theoretically relying on foundations: its language for architecture description based π-calculus,...